Today in Labor History April 17, 1944: The militant Lodge 68 of the International Association of Machinists (IAM), in San Francisco, began a ban against overtime work. During the ban, which lasted four months, all machinists refused to work more than eight hours per day, and on Sundays. They began this job action in protest of a wage freeze that had been in place throughout World War Two, as high wartime inflation eroded the value of their wages.
Roosevelt’s economic stabilization czar, Fred Vinson, said they had to “stamp out” this example of labor militancy and defiance of the government before it spread across the entire country. The bosses, as well as most of organized labor, including the Communist-oriented ILWU, agreed, and they collaborated to undermine and crush Lodge 68. During World War Two, Lodge 68 had more strikes than all the other unions in the Bay Area combined. Together with Oakland's Local 1304 of the CIO's Steel Workers Organizing Committee, they openly defied the National War Labor Board (NWLB), the FBI, the White House, as well as the CIO, ILWU and Communist Party.
Prior to WWII, the IAM and ILWU had been closely allied. In 1934, IAM members led the call for the San Francisco General Strike after the San Francisco police murdered two striking union members on the waterfront. During WWII, however, the ILWU took a much more collaborationist attitude toward the U.S. government. Harry Bridges felt that defeating Hitler took precedence over working conditions and working-class solidarity at home, and that wartime strikes undermined this goal. One of the loudest voices within the Regional War Labor Board calling for government against the machinists was ILWU vice-president Louis Goldblatt.
In September, 1944, the U.S. Navy took over control of most of the machinery industry in San Francisco and its industrial suburbs, suspending union contracts, grievance procedure, and collective bargaining rights. They fired machinists Martin Joos and Arthur Burke for continuing to do their jobs as union representatives in violation of their suspension of union rights and blacklisted them from other jobs. Just prior to their firing, the FBI interrogated them for violating wartime antistrike legislation. They also revoked ration cards for numerous other IAM members and referred others to the Selective Service for immediate induction into the military. At the same time, FBI agents fanned out through the Bay Area’s working-class communities, interrogating thousands of machinists in their homes. These heavy-handed tactics ultimately ended the overtime ban.
To learn more, see this article from libcom: https://libcom.org/article/class-conscious-machinists-stormy-petrels-west-coast-labor
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