The Sicilian Expedition demonstrates the risks of ambitious democratic decision-making in classical Athens. ⚔️
Approved by the Athenian Assembly during the Peloponnesian War, the campaign ended in catastrophic defeat and strategic collapse.
The episode remains one of the most instructive moments in the history of ancient warfare and political judgment.
#AncientHistory #PeloponnesianWar #GreekHistory #Brewminate
https://brewminate.com/athenian-democracy-peloponnesian-war-sicilian-expedition/
⚔️ Xerxes led one of the largest armies in ancient history into Greece.
Imperial confidence suggested an easy victory.
Instead the campaign demonstrated how terrain, logistics, and determined resistance can challenge even the strongest empires.
#AncientHistory #PersianEmpire #GreekHistory #Brewminate
https://brewminate.com/xerxes-persian-invasion-greece-overconfidence/
The Spartan system didn’t appear fully formed.
Its origins lie in Mycenaean Greece, shaped by collapse, land, and long memory before hoplite warfare defined its image. 🏺🛡️
#Brewminate #AncientHistory #Sparta #GreekHistory
https://brewminate.com/forged-before-the-hoplite-the-origins-of-sparta-in-mycenaean-greece/
🎬 Une femme à sa fenêtre (A Woman at Her Window) (1976)
Subtitles available:
🇳🇱 Dutch
🇬🇧 English
🇫🇷 French
🇬🇷 Greek
🇵🇹 Portuguese
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⬇️ Download
https://app.box.com/s/e0v0asx20y3n4wf7iop81vml3bbdp91p
🎞 IMDb
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075370/
▶️ Watch the video here 👇
https://darkiworld15.com/titles/43871/une-femme-a-sa-fenetre
#UneFemmeASaFenetre
#Drama
#Romance
#PoliticalCinema
#EuropeanCinema
#1970sCinema
#Adaptation
#GreekHistory
#FensterFreitag
#WindowFriday
Alexander the Great's Great Dad | Best Dads in History
Alexander the Great's Egypt: Extra Context | Egyptian History
This is what the historian Herodotus says about Croesus and the Pythia:
53. The Lydians who were to bring these gifts to the temples were charged by Croesus to inquire of the oracles, "Shall Croesus send an army against the Persians: and shall he take to himself any allied host?" When the Lydians came to the places whither they were sent, they made present of the offerings, and inquired of the oracles, in these words: "Croesus, king of Lydia and other nations, seeing that he deems that here are the only true places of divination among men, endows you with such gifts as your wisdom merits. And now he would ask you, if he shall send an army against the Persians, and if he shall take to himself any allied host." Such was their inquiry; and the judgment given to Croesus by each of the two oracles was the same, to wit, that if he should send an army against the Persians he would destroy a great empire.
[...]
90. [...]
Croesus, finding his request allowed, sent certain Lydians to Delphi, enjoining them to lay his fetters upon the threshold of the temple, and ask the god, "If he were not ashamed of having encouraged him, as the destined destroyer of the empire of Cyrus, to begin a war with Persia, of which such were the first-fruits?" As they said this they were to point to the fetters -- and further they were to inquire, "If it was the wont of the Greek gods to be ungrateful?"
91.The Lydians went to Delphi and delivered their message, on which the Pythia is said to have replied - "[...] Nor has Croesus any right to complain with respect to the oracular answer which he received. For when the god told him that, if he attacked the Persians, he would destroy a mighty empire, he ought, if he had been wise, to have sent again and inquired which empire was meant, that of Cyrus or his own; but if he neither understood what was said, nor took the trouble to seek for enlightenment, he has only himself to blame for the result. [...]"
Such was the answer of the Pythia. The Lydians returned to Sardis and communicated it to Croesus, who confessed, on hearing it, that the fault was his, not the god's. Such was the way in which Ionia was first conquered, and so was the empire of Croesus brought to a close.
(Herodotus, Book I https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Herodotus/1b*.html)
The Drugs Used by the #AncientGreeks and #Romans
November 26th, 2021
"Many of us living in the parts of the world where marijuana has recently been legalized may regard ourselves as partaking of a highly modern pleasure. And given the ever-increasing sophistication of the growing and processing techniques that underlie what has become a formidable #cannabis industry, perhaps, on some level, we are. But as intellectually avid enthusiasts of #psychoactive substances won’t hesitate to tell you, their use stretches farther back in time than history itself. 'For as long as there has been civilization, there have been #MindAlteringDrugs,' writes Science’s Andrew Lawler. But was anyone using them in the predecessors to western civilization as we know it today?
"For quite some time, scholars believed that unlike, say, Mesoamerica or north Africa, 'the ancient Near East had seemed curiously drug-free.' But now, 'new techniques for analyzing residues in excavated jars and identifying tiny amounts of plant material suggest that ancient Near Easterners indulged in a range of #psychoactive substances.'
"The latest evidence suggests that, already three millennia ago, 'drugs like cannabis had arrived in #Mesopotamia, while people from #Turkey to #Egypt experimented with local substances such as blue water lily.' That these habits seem to have continued in ancient Greece and Rome is suggested by archaeological evidence summarized in the video above.
"In 2019, archaeologists unearthed a few precious artifacts from a fourth-century Scythian burial mound near Stavropol in Russia. There were 'golden armbands, golden cups, a heavy gold ring, and the greatest treasure of all, two spectacular golden vessels,' says narrator Garrett Ryan, who earned a PhD in Greek and Roman History from the University of Michigan. The interiors of those last
'were coated with a sticky black residue,' confirmed in the lab to be #opium with traces of #marijuana. 'The #Scythians, in other words, got high' — as did 'their Greek and Roman neighbors.' Ryan, author of Naked Statues, Fat Gladiators, and War Elephants: Frequently Asked Questions about the Ancient Greeks and Romans, goes on to make intriguing connections between scattered but relevant pieces of archaeological and textual evidence. We know that some of our civilizational forebears got high; how many, and how high, are questions for future scholastic inquiry."
Source:
https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/the-drugs-used-by-the-ancient-greeks-and-romans.html
#MysteryCults #Rituals #RomanHistory #GreekHistory #AncientHistory #BlueLotus
Alexander the Great's Egypt 3: Ptolemy Triumphant | Egyptian History
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