Based on the condition of limiting the rise in global average temperature to within 1.5Β°C, the analysis showed that Earth's safe limit for annual COβ emissions is approximately 4β17 gigatons (Gt COβ per year). However, humanity's current annual emissions amount to about 37 gigatons (Gt COβ per year). This level exceeds Earth's safe operating space by more than twofold.
https://phys.org/news/2026-03-carbon-emissions-planetary-boundary-analysis.html

Carbon emissions now more than double the planetary boundary, analysis finds
Earth is not infinite. Pollution beyond certain levels threatens the climate and ecosystems. To prevent this, scientists have proposed planetary boundaries, defining the safe operating limits of the Earth system. A KAIST research team recalculated climate change and nitrogen pollution using the same standard and found that current carbon emissions already exceed the planet's sustainable limit by more than double.