The 12th root of 2 times the 7th root of 5 is

1.333333192495....

And since the numbers 5, 7, and 12 show up in scales, this weird fact has implications for music! It leads to a remarkable meta-meta-glitch in tuning systems. Let's check it out.

Two important glitches that afflict tuning systems are the Pythagorean comma and the syntonic comma. If you go up 12 fifths, multiplying the frequency by 3/2 each time, you go up a bit less than 7 octaves. The ratio is the "Pythagorean comma":

p = 531441/524288 ≈ 1.01364326477

And if you go up four fifths, you go up a bit more than 2 octaves and a major third (which ideally has a frequency ratio of 5/4). The ratio is the "syntonic comma":

σ = 81/80 = 1.0125

In music it would be very convenient if these two glitches were the same - and sometimes musicians pretend they are. But they're not! So their ratio is a tiny meta-glitch. It's called the "schisma":

χ = p/σ = 32805/32768 ≈ 1.0011298906

and it was discovered by an advisor to the Gothic king Theodoric the Great.

In the most widely used tuning system today, a fifth is not 3/2 but slightly less: it's

2^(7/12) ≈ 1.4983070769

The ratio of 3/2 and this slightly smaller fifth is called the "grad":

γ = p^(1/12) ≈ 1.0011291504

Look! The grad is amazingly close to the schisma! They agree to 7 decimal places! Their ratio is a meta-meta-glitch called the "Kirnberger kernel":

χ/γ ≈ 1.0000007394

If you unravel the mathematical coincidence that makes this happens, you'll see it boils down to

2^(1/12) 5^(1/7) ≈ 1.333333192495

being very close to 4/3. And this coincidence let Bach's students Johann Kirnberger invent an amazing tuning system.

(1/2)

Here's a fascinating little "home movie" that #YouTube just surfaced for me. Shot as a personal walk through by the gentleman who ran Camera 4 on "The Price Is Right", it's a backstage tour the morning of the last episode of the show ever hosted by Bob Barker, in 2007.

I've told the story before of my experience with "The Price Is Right" crowd at CBS Television City in Hollywood, many years ago. I had come over to the studio to tape a network news interview.

To get from the parking area to the famous "Artists' Entrance" I had to literally push my way through a crazy crowd of people waiting outside to enter Stage 33 for the show. It was an utter madhouse. Quite an experience!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-Ypsde-L74

I hope this beagle finds you well.

#DogsOfMastodon

Milky Way over a Turquoise Wonderland

Image Credit & Copyright: Petr Horálek / Institute of Physics in Opava, Sovena Jani

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap230529.html #APOD

Bell Telephone Launched a Mobile Phone During the 1940s: Watch Bell’s Film Showing How It Worked

https://www.openculture.com/2023/01/bell-telephone-launched-a-mobile-phone-during-the-1940s.html

Super-nerdy #networking #books #recommendation:

The Undersea Network by Nicole Starosielski

There are other good books about network infrastructure, but the thing I found fascinating about this one is the level of #culture and #history analysis it does. It goes into detail about the impacts transpacific cables have had on the various Pacific islands they land on. Things like politics and military involvement, and local populations' inability to have a say in where the cables land (or whether they do at all). Lack of benefit to local populations (both network and economic) since frequently the cables aren't even terminated at all on these islands, they are just pass-throughs. "Cable colonies" that got established for Europeans servicing the cables to live separately from the indigenous folks. This book is full of interesting, important stuff - I highly recommend it.

Book: https://www.dukeupress.edu/the-undersea-network

Photos and maps: http://www.surfacing.in/

I almost dragged my family to see a manhole cover on Oahu thanks to this book, until I discovered what traffic on Oahu is really like.
http://www.surfacing.in/?place=makaha