An observational study of 184 women who underwent breast cancer surgery, half of whom had vitamin D deficiency, found that those with vitamin D deficiency experienced more post-operative pain and self-administered more pain medication.
Summary: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/05/260519224308.htm
Original paper: https://rapm.bmj.com/content/early/2026/05/04/rapm-2025-107495

Scientists discover strange link between vitamin D and pain
Low vitamin D levels could be quietly making breast cancer surgery recovery far more painful. In a new study, patients deficient in vitamin D were three times more likely to experience moderate to severe pain after mastectomy surgery and ended up using significantly more opioid medication to cope. Researchers say vitamin D may help regulate how the body processes pain through its effects on inflammation and the immune system.