sometimes it just fries my brain how colonials can turn literally anything into racism. for example: the fact that wheat is the primary grain crop in britain.

"We are wheat-eaters. Other races, vastly superior to us in numbers, but differing widely in material and intellectual progress, are eaters of Indian corn, rice, millet, and other grains; but none of these grains have the food values, the concentrated health sustaining power of wheat, and it is on this account that the accumulated experience of civilized mankind has set wheat apart as the fit and proper food for the development of muscle and brains." - from an 1898 speech by william crookes, then president of the Scientific Society (UK)

the quote was found in the book "the agricultural dilemma: how not to feed the world" by glenn davis stone (it's a very nice book)

stone continues: "(Winston Churchill would later echo Crookes’ grain chauvinism, writing that “yellow men, brown men and black men” had not “learned to demand and become able to afford a diet superior to rice” (Belasco 2006, 34).)"

oh, and the solution is apparently chemistry (in order to make synthetic nitrogen that would improve soils and give better yields and feed the whites)!: "But Crookes saw a way out: “It is the chemist who must come to the rescue.” The key would be nitrogen, the fixation of which was a great discovery “awaiting the ingenuity of chemists”; otherwise, “the great Caucasian race will cease to be foremost in the world, and will be squeezed out of existence.”

...all this reminds me that i have to eventually get to the book "The Globalization of Wheat: A Critical History of the Green Revolution" by marci r. baranski

#books #colonialism #racism #wheat #agriculture #history #food

oh man...the story continues:

"Given our focus on the vested interests behind agriculture, it is worth noting that Crookes’ motivation was not only to keep the wheat sandwiches coming for the great Caucasian race. His speech was a self-serving paean to the importance of his profession of chemistry. It also epitomized the neo-Malthusian logic that agricultural growth came only by scientific technologies produced in factories. The technology in this case was fertilizer and William Crookes was in the fertilizer business. Since 1871 he had been a director of Native Guano Company (which actually trafficked in sewage fertilizer, not guano) and he had his own firm, Crookes and Company, which produced fertilizer from animal refuse. In short, he had an abiding financial interest in research on new forms of fertilizer." - "the agricultural dilemma: how not to feed the world" by glenn davis stone

oh man, and there's a direct line from this racist grain/chemistry/fertilizer speech to fritz haber (one of the co-founders of the haber-bosch method, which is the synthetic production of ammonia, key for fertilizer production, and very much still in use today. for more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process#Economic_and_environmental_aspects)!

"It was the appropriation of a scientific address for a Caucasian to warn Caucasians of the rise of darker peoples with different diets, for a chemist to claim that chemists were needed as saviors, and for a fertilizer executive to hail fertilizers – all delivered in a rabidly neo-Malthusian package at a time when the country’s farmers were actually abandoning farmland. But with its intoxi- cating mix of “imperial arrogance, apocalyptic visions, and technological faith,” it “caught a monster wave in the surging Zeitgeist” of its time (Charles 2005, Loc 1144). Among the many leaders who were influenced by it was the head of Karlsruhe University, who echoed it in a speech the next year. In the audience for that speech was a young chemist named Fritz Haber." - "the agricultural dilemma: how not to feed the world" by glenn davis stone

Haber process - Wikipedia

the story of industrial ag just gets bigger and bigger!

i don't know how i'm gonna fit all this into my mega-zine on industrial ag. it feels like a spiral galaxy where it's all swirling around and the more you zoom in, the more stars there are.

i've already limited myself to not going into animal ag, or labor issues (which i may change my mind about), or gender issues, or non-food crops (like cotton).

but i'm definitely going to include stuff about the green revolution and india. these mid-century scientific/economic ag guys were OBSESSED with india.

#art #wip #zines

@mk30 More like astronomers a century ago realizing that most of those lights in the sky weren’t just more stars but more galaxies with BILLIONS more stars in them each!
@mk30 astonishing drivel. Right up there with the belief that brains work better in cool temperatures, one of the reasons Canberra was built high up on the Monaro. Unsure if it worked.
@CaraBruar i hadn't heard that one. ugggghhh.
@mk30 That was 130 yrs ago.