Meet Ξcc+, a new charming proton-like particle discovered by smashing particles at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment.

Pronounced Xi-c-c-plus, the new fleeting particle contains 2 heavy charm quarks and 1 down quark, while the more familiar proton contains 2 up and 1 down quark.

Mass: ~4x that of the proton
Mean lifetime τ: 45 femtoseconds (4.5e-14 seconds)
Charge: +1
Of interest to: Theorists in quantum chromodynamics 😎⚛️

https://home.cern/news/news/physics/lhcb-collaboration-discovers-new-proton-particle
https://lhcb-outreach.web.cern.ch/2026/03/17/observation-of-the-doubly-charmed-heavy-proton-%CE%BEcc/
1/n

The LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) experiment is a particle physics detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.

The 5600-tonne LHCb detector sits 100 metres below ground in the LGC tunnel near the town of Ferney-Voltaire, France.

The LHCb experiment uses a series of subdetectors to detect mainly forward particles – those thrown forwards by the collision in one direction.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lbQUa8z3M0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LHCb_experiment
https://home.cern/science/experiments/lhcb
2/n

What is the LHCb Experiment at CERN?

YouTube

How does one detect a particle whose mean lifetime is a fleeting 45 femtoseconds (4.5e-14 seconds)?

It is done by detecting the lighter particles Ξcc+ decays into, as shown in the graphic below.

https://lhcb-outreach.web.cern.ch/2026/03/17/observation-of-the-doubly-charmed-heavy-proton-%CE%BEcc/
3/n

@AkaSci

Since it's a weak decay (via the 𝑊⁺ boson), I'd have expected a slightly longer lifetime.

Singly charmed baryons seem to flame out after about 10⁻¹²−10⁻¹³ sec. So this one, doubly charmed, is arguably 10x faster?

I wanted to compare it to its sibling \( \Xi_{ccu}^{++} \) (below), but the quotes for lifetime were maddeningly vague (10⁻¹²−10⁻¹⁴ sec). So they could be consistent, I guess.

The family tree (below), causing me to wipe away a happy tear of nostalgia, is the \( SU(4)_{\mbox{flavor}} \) generalization of the \( SU(3)_{\mbox{flavor}} \) symmetries of my mis-spent youth back in the early 70s.

@AkaSci

I took my particle physics exam 30+ years ago and never touched the subject again. Nevertheless, I wonder if we should call these things particles, or just some a bit more stable resonances, or whatever fancy word one can think of in order to get a grant approved.

@AkaSci The universe's own version of Ξrror Correcting Codes!

(Maybe. Possibly. Probably not.)

@AkaSci

Wondering when we’ll get Ξc++0x26

@AkaSci with such a short lifetime it only gets to travel about 13 μm before decaying
@AkaSci

Not gonna lie, am finding it hard to get exccited about this one.