In weird Torygraph ... news? ... that might be the rare non-Russian disinfo about Russia's warlike activities:

Russia is sending migrants through underground tunnels from Belarus into Europe as part of its hybrid war on the West.

Belarus, a Russian puppet state led by dictator Alexander Lukashenko, has used specialists from the Middle East with “a high level of expertise” to design the tunnels, Polish officials have told The Telegraph.

[...] And while experts say it is hard to be sure which groups were involved, they have suggested Kurdish fighters, Islamic State and Iranian-backed proxies as potential culprits.

To me, the claim seems a lot like a paranoid xenophobic fantasy of somebody who feels that it's presence of immigrants that's the prob;em, and since they believe that Lukashenka is a Bad Person(tm), he would, obviously, do things that feel bad to the paranoid fabulist. It's also possible that the paranoid ideation is not of the creator's, but of the target audience's.

In the real life, Belarus has dispatched migrants to the Polish border, but the operations' value for Lukashenka is not the migrants' presence in Poland, but the high-profile press events about them seeming like crossing, or about to cross the border. Covert border-crossings would make the whole affair pretty much worthless for him.

Furthermore, even if such crossings were to take base, the jump to attribution seems awfully dubious, and may come out of a standard Western paranoid xenophobe's fantasies about Muslims being Designated Bad People, or, as above, may be carefully designed to appeal to Western paranoid xenophobes who have such prejudices against Muslims.

Archived Torygraph article, because bad actor: https://archive.is/BTM5j

One of the weirdest things about Russia's relations with European far right is, while "great replacement" is, in general terms, nonsense, USSR's history genuinely include some episodes that resemble the GR narratives. They were usually euphemised as "ethnicity / nationality policy", and they involved #massdeportations, especially deporting people from the Soviet-occupied countries in Europe to the east of Urals, and counterwise, mass transfers of people who may have had other, more specific, ethnicities before but who got described, and sometimes self-identified, as Russophone after the fact, in the reverse directions. American fans of "great replacement" don't seem to be very aware of them, but European near-Nazis bring these things up as "examples of the great replacement being real" with annoying regularity.

This pattern is a significant part of the reason why several areas of Ukraine were dominated by Russophone and sometimes Russian-identifying citizens of Ukraine: these areas contain large mineral deposits, so extraction and industrial facilities were built there, and Stalin & co transferred large numbers of people from other places controlled by USSR to work in these facilities.

A somewhat similar large-scale transfer was arranged by Putin for shipping large numbers of supposedly loyal Russians to Crimea after Russia occupied it.

These transfers are not the whole reason, though. Another part of the puzzle is, in times of (relative) relational calmness between the countries, there's oftentimes functionally been a linguistic and, to some degree, cultural, slope between East Ukrainian people and West Russian people. Numerous people have even had two names, one in Ukrainian, one in Russian. For just one example, the Ukrainian spacenautics expert behind the original Sputnik moment, Serhiy Korolyov (Сергій Корольов) often figured as "Sergey Korolev" (Сергей Королёв or Королев) in Russian, and because of the Russian supremacism of USSR, Soviet, documents.

OTOH, when things get ... let's say, not quite so calm, people's need to get off the slope and define themselves as one or the other tends to suddenly go sharply up, and one of the curious outcome of the last of these waves (there have been several between Ukraine and Russia over the centuries) is, there's now a large number of families who live, or used to live, near the border, where some people self-ID as Ukrainian, and some, as Russian. In other words, in the border areas, many Ukrainian people now have Russian relatives, and vice versa. Such families are rarer in West Ukraine, which, in turn, contributed to the relatively lower prevalence of people who consider themselves Russian in the West Ukraine than in the East even before the latest active phase of Russia's 2014 war on Ukraine.

Oh, one more fun tidbit: note how Torygraph transcribe's Lukashenka's name as 'Lukashenko'. This is a hint of Russian being in the transliteration chain.

'-enko' and similar endings are common for names of a fuzzy cultural zone that covers roughly the current area of Ukraine and Belarus, and some nearby areas. Lukashenka has just this sort of name. However, under Belarusian orthographic canons, his name is originally spelt 'Лукашэнка', whose direct transliteration is 'Lukashenka'. However, under Russian otrhography, the -a suffix sounds feminine, which the #Patriarchy considers unfitting for a Great Dictator, so in Russian sources, his name gets slightly altered, to 'Lukashenko', which lacks that taint of femininity — to a Russian ear. Thus, Torygraph, which does not have the grammatic gender problem since English doesn't have such anymore, spelling his name as 'Lukashenko' rather than 'Lukashenka' suggests that they might be translating from a text that has been in Russian at some point in its lifecycle.

@riley Possibly they figure that he has been russifying Belarus, so he likely prefers the Russian language currently. #lang_en
@ellenor2000 His official website uses 'Лукашэнка'. You can see his name in the nominative case on this page about how he's so loved by his people that they elected him to be the head of the Belarus's Olympic Committee, for an example. (Archived, because, well.)
Прэзідэнт Нацыянальнага Алімпійскага камітэта | Афіцыйны інтэрнэт-партал Прэзідэнта Рэспублікі Беларусь

Прэзідэнт Нацыянальнага алімпійскага камітэта (НАК) у Рэспубліцы Беларусь.

@riley «Middle Eastern specialists» also sounds very «Palestinian terrorists, but I don't want to write that, and I know you can infer it»

@oblomov Yep. Kind of "flows naturally" from the big brouhaha about Palestinian tunnels.

Btw, fun fact: North Korea is known to have high-level expertise for tunnel construction, and also known to actively trade in humans with Russia recently. Coincidence? Could be. Why didn't it come up in this article's speculative attribution section? I submit, it's most likely because the bog-standard Western xenophobe is not as used to thinking of North Koreans as Designated Bad People as they're used to so thinking about Muslims, especially Middle Eastern looking ones.

@oblomov The article also mention's "Iran's proxies" and "Israel's intelligence". I don't know if this would likely be Mossad's official position or somebody's DIY effort at Hasbara, but in light of the current USA's posture against Iran, these keywords might also amount to deliberate morsels of disinfo to direct the reader's ire specifically against Iran. Maybe Torygraph thinks that too many of their readers think that Iran's current government comprises of swell blokes who're handling their little political problems about friendly disputes on the country's future politics in a graceful and gentlemanly way, and sees an urgent need to remedy such an attitude or something. 
Wikipedia:archive.today guidance - Wikipedia

@ellenor2000 I was not. Eeek. Guess I'll have to find another one.

In a better world, a service like this would digitally cryptographically sign and timestamp articles that it archives, to make tampering evident. This happens to be one of the legitimate uses of a Merkle chain, or as the kids these days call it, a "blockchain".

@ellenor2000 And what they're alleged to have done is so incredibly petty, too.

@ellenor2000 A complicating factor is, a lot of paywalls are bypassable by archival sites because the paywalled sites choose to let the archivebots through. Torygraph accepts Archive Today, but reaches out from under its bridge and demands a TrollBit when the Internet Archive comes a-crawling:

[{"message":"You are not authorized to access this content without a valid TollBit Token. Please follow this URL to find out more.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260225075118/https://tollbit.dev","metadata":{"ak_ref_id":"0.66a7cb17.1772005878.a1beae97"}}]

It often takes reputation to get added to the allowlists by paywall-loving sites, and new competitors don't yet have the level of reputation that Archive Today is throwing away for nothing.

@ellenor2000 Maybe one could chain archival sites: use's one's paywall-passing capability, and then archive their collected data with another one to protect it against tampering ... 
@riley Tunnels seem kind of pointless, too, because so far they just get up to the border fence, damage it and drop migrants off in the no-man’s land. So why go through the expense of tunnels?

@GreenSkyOverMe I'm not sure the tunnels are real, tbh. The article's sourcing looks awfully problematic. But if they are, they were most likely not government-constructed or even migrant-constructed, but dug by some sort of underground economic collective (often dysphemised as "organised crime group") for smuggling something that is cheap in Belarus into Poland, or vice versa. Tobacco and alcohol are some likely candidates; both have significantly higher excise taxes levied on them inside EU than in Russia's customs union / "Union State", and various creative means of smuggling them have been found on several sites of the EU's eastern border before. My favourite example was somebody installing a cross-border pipe near Pihkwa/Pskow for pouring vodka directly into EU without paying the importation taxes.

Going the other way, Russia has in the past few years had trouble importing a lot of elementary things, such as microchips and high-quality ball bearing balls, and an enterprising criminal might prefer to move such into Belarus through a covered tunnel rather than where the Polish border guards' fancy new surveillance drones might see him violating the sanctions regime.

@GreenSkyOverMe Oh, and Russia has for years been banning various "luxurious" European foods. Hauling a supermarket pallet under the border every now and then can probably make some nice money on a farmers' market in Minsk. (Because of the "Union State" business, Russia's import restrictions also apply to Belarus.)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_uiPaMjy3AE

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