The ‘lockdown’ option on android just disables biometric unlock, smart lock (staying unlocked when on-body or within a geo-fence), and notifications displayed on the lockscreen, until the device is next unlocked. This has to be explicitly enabled by selecting ‘lockdown’ from the power off screen at the time of locking the device (turning the screen off) every time you lock the device.
Apple’s implementation does quite a bit more; blocking incoming messages, links, and invites from unknown numbers, restricting potentially hazardous web browsing, and restricting wired connections.
Not a big Apple fan, but they did pretty good with this.