Day 23: Overnight train to Almaty. Train assistant demands bribe to store my bulky luggage. Revolting stink of gasoline in lower part of the city. Great visit to National Museum, with reconstruction of "Golden Man" - neolithic warrior found buried with immense wealth. Cook pasta for friends. 36/
Day 24: Can't resist a visit to the Tambalay petroglyphs ~200km away from Almaty,even if expensive+travelling alone (with guide). Site includes tombs from Andronova culture ~1500BC & much earlier rock carvings. Mind-blowingly interesting.Sun-headed gods likely venerated in rituals led by shaman. 37/
One scene likely portrays an apocalyptic event, as all animals (predators & prey alike) escape together from "something". Maybe a representation of Great Flooding? Strong signs of patriarchalism: women are rarely portrayed and, when they are, it is only in scenes of copulation or birth-giving. A scene portrays men dancing together, seemingly sexually aroused (or just showing their masculinity. Only a couple of different "styles" can be recognized. This means that the role of artist was probably passed over from father to son. Artists were probably "professionals": The Andronova burials denote strong egalitarianism, as graves have the same size. No sign of individuals more powerful than others. even here, there is a clear gender separation,as women are buried with jewelry, and men with weapons. An empty tomb suggests that people wanted to have a lasting memory of one of their members likely disappeared, kidnapped, or killed in battle. 38/
My great guide Aybek explains the significance of what I'd call the "Adoration scene" - perhaps the most fascinating roch carvung at the Tanbaly archeological site: 12 men dancing and a woman giving birth stand under gigantic sun-headed gods. Animals stand in between, possibly victim of sacrifice. Shaman would probably stand in front of this carving performing rituals, while people worshipped 50 meters down below. The place has a very good acoustics.
More videos on my YT channel: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJL-sRWA7R49Yhe4BTFy6xzDOSktKYtmX 39/

Day 25-7:Frustrating day @ Chinese border.
I am excited to enter China, for the first time without requiring a visa. However, an inflexible officer tells me I am not allowed to carry the 13 tablets I have with me. I am only allowed to bring in electronic equipment for my "personal use". That means 2 tablets and 2 laptops. I explain that I need tablets for my research, I show him photos of my fieldwork, but he doesn't change his mind. I see no other option than returning to Almaty to try to ship the tablets to Papua the next day. Khazakh border officials are surprised I've been refused entry, so they carry out extensive checks. I end up staying the entire day at the border. I manage to get the last bus to Zhankent, and from there I take a shared van to Almaty, for another 3-hour drive. I arrive rather exhausted at a hostel close to the coach station.

The next day I try to ship the tablets for an entire day but costs are astronomical. So I leave them with my colleague at the University.

I enter China the day after with no control on my electronic equipment. 40/

Day 28-29: It's second time lucky at the Chinese border. This time, border officials don't even check the contents of my luggage. We cross the enchanting Tian Shan (Celestial) Mountains range. Some lakes at what must be a very high altitude seem untouched by any human activity. An illusion, probably.
We arrive in Urumqi in the early morning. Fortunately, the coach station is just on the street opposite the train station. I prefer not to stop in Urumqi. I met Semetjan here in 2015. He hosted me with Couchsurfing. He was the kindest and most brilliant guy you could ever meet. He learned English by watching YouTube and was a professor at an English school. He showed me around the city, talking with pride about the Uyghur cultural tradition in Xinjiang. In my subsequent 2 visits to Urumqi, he was like disappeared. No phone contact, no answer to email, his Facebook page stopped updating in 2016. After searching for him online, I have learned he is in jail. I wish him all the best. I remember the Urumqi he showed me, and the one I have in front of my eyes is entirely different. High-rise buildings surround the train station, in flamboyant, all-diverse shapes. 10 years ago, all buildings were grey monolithic blocks. Some trains are fully booked, but I manage to travel in third class on a slow train, which will arrive in Lanzhou, Gansu province, after 50 hours. That's my train!
Day 29: Arrive in Lanzhou. Wrong Hotel address, spend 1 hour to find it. Online conference in the morning,present my work on propensity to adapt to/mitigate climate change.Visit Guansu province history museum,with big section on Silk Road. Very kind local guide. Observe workers lost in thought. 42/

In the evening I go to see the Zhongshan Bridge. It is considered a landmark of Lanzhou and the whole of China. The first bridge over the Yellow River was built in this very location 500 years ago. The current bridge was built in 1909 by a Germany company, which shipped all the materials from Europe.

I think this bridge is a metaphor of today's China. On one side of the bridge lie a traditional temple with the decorations typical of Chinese tradition. The other side is dominated by the new cementified face of China, dominated by rather anonymous high-rise buildings. 43/

Day 30-1: 19 hours train ride from Lanzhou to Chonqing,largest city in Southwest China.Visit the People's Liberation monument commemorating China's victory over Japan (that's how WWII is referred to here).Then Hongya cave,originally home to local ethnic group, now a postcard funfair over the Yangtze river.44/
Day 32: Day 2 in Chongqing. Visit Ci-Qi-Kou, a centre for porcelain production for centuries. Gold-smiths, painters, and artisans have their shops built in bamboo and wood houses. It's great that a piece of "old China" has survived,although it seems a postcard of what it used to be.45/
Day 32: Other corners of the Ci-Qi-Kou village in Chongqing. One can see all kinds of street performances and crafts in this old quarter. It is remarkable, though, that I haven´t seen a single porcelain shop in what should be the Porcelain Village. 46/

I reach the South Coach station in Kunming after half an hour on the metro. They tell me there's a coach leaving for the Golden Triangle in an hour. I have no idea where the Golden Triangle is. I find out that it's a point where Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar share a border. it's a deviation from the North-South route I'm travelling on, but it'll save me some days of travel. So I jump on the coach. As in 2019, there are bunk beds on board! After 12 hours of overnight travel, I have a veggie breakfast at a roadside restaurant in China. It ends up way too spicy, but it´s good. Finally, I leave China and enter Laos, not without a lot of questioning at the border as the reasons for my slow-travel.

You can watch videos of my journey on my YT channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0pJz61Yugg&list=PLJL-sRWA7R4--Dp2bFilC5zc-f2mXp0e4 47/

#RefuseToFly #Decarbonise #ClimateEmergency #ClimateAction #slowtravel #TrainTravel #China #goldentriangle #OvernightCoach

The Golden Triangle is a surreal place. It's basically a big entertainment area - including casinos and other possibly murky activities- in a Laotian free economic zone. This type of gambling/entertainment is banned in China - except for special areas such as Macao. That´s why this kind of activities must take place on foreign soil. In fact, one has to go through a thorough passport check when entering the entertainment area. The yuan is accepted everywhere. The Laotian government has rented all this area to a Chinese business man, suspected by some as being the boss of a criminal gang.

I visited the entertainment area the night before. It looked to me like a Saint Petersburg on the Mekong river. There was a colossal beer stand in the middle of the entertainment area. The casino was almost completely empty and dozens of game dealers had nothing better to do than chatting with one another. I shared the taxi with 3 Kazakh girls who could speak fluent Chinese and English. They told me about their jet-setting life style: one week here, one week in Vietnam, another week in Thailand. I had them listen the Kazakh folk songs I had recorded on the train, but they didn't seem that interested. What their work was wasn't clear. Or perhaps it was all too clear.

The Mekong river is as red as red can be. It´s because of the sediments it carries, so I am told. After only a couple of minutes of crossing I enter Thailand, the tenth country touched in my journey. 48/

After 3 days of nearly uninterrupted travel, the visit to the Buddhist temples in Chiang Mai is a little treat. I get carried away by the afternoon prayers of the young Buddhist monks at Wat Panthao. The melody seems to go nowhere, it goes on in never-ending circles, as if its aim was not to tell a "story" but rather it attempted to capture the essence of sound itself. I am left wondering about how different my life is from that of these young monks. The wooden structure makes this temple a special one. It's much smaller than many other Thai temples but it has a grace in itself.

Close-by is the Wat Chedi Luang Temple, probably the most significant - and oldest - temple in the city. The famous and sacred Emerald Buddha used to be hosted here, before being transferred to Bangkok. Though partially ruined by an earthquake in 1545, the temple’s imposing chedi is still impressive. It reminds me that nothing is permanent, but that solid buildings can withstand the vagaries of time. 49/

Chiang Mai is suffocating under traffic so I refuse to take taxis to go round. There's a good bike-sharing scheme that I can use to go round the backstreets. This allows me to enjoy some quiet areas away from the main roads of the old city, which I thoroughly enjoy. A real treat is a terracotta wall sculpture found by chance inside a hotel. It seems to be an absolute treasure. I'd like to know more about it, but there's not much in the way of explanation. Better this way, with a bit of mystery surrounding this piece.
Just what I needed before my overnight train trip to Bangkok. 51/

Day 38 of my no-fly trip from Italy to Papua New Guinea: I only have a few hours to spend in Bangkok before my train to the far south of Thailand departs at 3 p.m. In this precious time visit Wat Arun, the Temple of Dawn. It is every bit as impressive as the Royal Palace and Wat Pho, the Temple of the Reclining Buddha. I must say that I am torn between the magnificence of the place (the stupas are covered with countless pieces of uniquely crafted ceramics) and the awareness of the immense economic and political concentration of power that the construction of this temple must have meant. From time to time, I simply try to let myself be carried away by the beauty of the colours and the philosophical meaning of approaching the central stupa... I also try not to think that Bangkok is at the top of the list of capitals at risk of being submerged by sea water within this century. All cities at the confluence of large rivers share this common fate, and the excessive use of aquifers by the expanding population contributes to this bleak future. The colours of the Chao Phraya River blend beautifully with the soft tones of the temple, but it won't be long before these same waters could bring this temple to ruin, unless we stop our mad rush towards fossil fuels, deforestation, and cementification.

#refusetofly #SlowTravel #decarbonise #climateemergency #researcherlife #TheResearcher #ClimateAction #Bangkok #Overnighttrain #StrictlyPublicTransport #AFuoco 52/

My Video of the Temple of Dawn on YT; https://youtube.com/shorts/ws1CJYo32rY 53/
Visit to the Temple of Dawn/Wat Arun, Bangkok: Day 38 of my no-fly trip from Italy to Papua

YouTube
Day 39: The magnificence of the Temple of Dawn is soon replaced by dull and serialised skyscrapers of the Bangkok Business District. I sleep comfortably-in spite of freezing AC temperatures - in the 17 hour overnight ride to Hat Yai, South Thailand. I arrive just in time for the 8am morning national anthem. 54/
Day 39: I leave Hat Yai by coach soon after arrival. It's a 6 hour ride to get to Georgetown, Malaysia. I hit the downtown of this British colonial outpost in the afternoon. I love the multi-culturality of the place, with Malay, Indians & Chinese, living side by side. The history museum is sadly closed.If I scratched over the surface, I am sure I'd find stories of exploitation from the colonial past, which a local businessman somehow reveals to me. A kind of apartheid system used to be in place, with white men only clubs and the like. 55/
Day 40: Enjoy some more of Georgetown. Local business people tell me stories of outright apartheid by British/Australian expats before independence. Visit local mosque where guide tries to convert me to Islam. Catch overnight bus to Singapore. Excited to getting closer & closer to the Equator! 56/
Day 41: I arrive in Singapore after an 11-hour overnight bus ride. No time for sightseeing, I go to Sim Lim sq., the main shopping mall for electronics. I buy powerbanks and solar generator for my fieldwork. In the evening I board ferry that will take me to Batam,Indonesia. I am now truly in the "global South". 57/