Transliterated country names into Chinese Language use pre-existing characters that already has its own meaning, therefore native Chinese speakers have a subconcious impression based on country names.

https://sh.itjust.works/post/51318851

Transliterated country names into Chinese Language use pre-existing characters that already has its own meaning, therefore native Chinese speakers have a subconcious impression based on country names. - sh.itjust.works

Example: USA 美国 - 美 mean “beautiful” and 国 is “country” So when my mom told me we were going to move to 美国, I, having never heard of anything about this country ever before, already had a positive impression of this “beautiful country”. France 法国 - 法 is one of the characters in 法律, law, so my first impression was, that these people probably have very strict rules and are law abiders Britain/UK 英国 - 英 is one of the characters in 英雄, hero, so I just imagine British people like to help the innocent (this was before I learned about British colonialism lol, but I guess the 英 character still sort of partly relevent, as in they view themselves as “hero”, aka: they interfere with other’s countries bussiness a lot) Germany 德国 - 德 is one of the characters in 道德, morality, so I had a subconcious belief they were very moral people. I didn’t even know about the holocaust yet. 💀 Mexico 墨西哥 - 墨 is ink, 哥 is brother, so I though these are dark-skinned people that value brotherhood, masculinity. South Korea 韩国 - 韩 sounds like 寒, so I just assumed it was a very cold country (isn’t it tho?) Oh BTW, I was in South Korea… in the airport waiting for a transfer flight, never actually entered the country for real, that was 15 years go, the closest I’ve ever been to South Korea. Wanna go there someday, see the snow (cuz its a 寒国 “cold country” remember xD) Japan 日本 - 日 is the sun, so I thought it gets like very sunny or something These are the few on the top of my head. You can mention any below and I can tell you what my “subconcious feel” about the name is.

What about Norway?
The Chinese characters for Norway didn’t have much of a impression, maybe because I first learned of Norway like very late into teenage years when I already used English as primary language. I already have “they treat prisoners very well” and “social welfare” into my mind, before I looked up the characters for Norway.
From what I read, a lot of these character choices (with the exception of Japan, they chose those themselves) were made with the dual considerations of being similar sounding to the country name and the hanzi’s meaning being flattering to the people of the country. And there are plenty of country names that are entirely phonetic (e.g. 意大利 for Italy or 澳大利亚 for Australia).
Japan definitely chose it themselves. Before, the country was known as 倭国, with 倭 meaning something like harmonic but also submissive. Obviously one Tennō wasn’t too happy about that and began signing letters to the Chinese court as “from the ruler of the land where the sun rises (日本) to the ruler of the land where the sun sets.” So Japan became the “Land of the rising sun” (well literally it’s the “sun’s origin”).
This is fascinating! Thank you for posting
How bout China 中国
That its in the middle of the world… which doesn’t exactly make sense once I started realizing the fact that the Earth is round, so there is not really a “center” like a hypothetical flat earth would have.
Isn’t 国 more like land, country or kingdom?
So less to do with being the centre of the world and more like the central region of a nation, broadly speaking. But also I’m not a native speaker so I’m not trying to argue against your observation, just looking for clarification.
I’ve heard it referred to as The Middle Kingdom, so this makes sense
They didn’t know the earth was round when they named their own country (a looooong time ago). They really thought it was the center of the universe and their kings were sent from heaven
I don’t doubt that, I’m just saying the name itself doesn’t imply the centre of the world
The kingdom itself the centre of the world.
Israel?
Neutral, 以色列 doesn’t exactly make me think of anything in particular. I also learned about isrsel in the English language before I looked for the transliterated characters, so maybe that subconcious thing didn’t apply.
Literally dodged a bullet there either way.
Do Switzerland!
Literally my mind just go straight to 瑞士糖 (the first 2 characters, 瑞士, is Switzerland), so a place with a lot of candy
Sugus - Wikipedia

Nice. The Chinese were on point with the naming. One sign is even a cross!

I mean the Mexico one doesn’t sound too terribly far off from reality lol. Neither does Britain, with the the last sentence especially.

In all seriousness, this is a very interesting post. It’s very cool to see what other languages call other countries and what it means.

Interestingly I’ve heard Japan called “the land of the rising sun” due to being one of the farthest east on the Mercator projection which for all it’s features and flaws is often considered the standard of map projections.
The characters for Japan literally mean sun and origin. And has been in use since the 8th century. So the Mercator projection has nothing to do with that. The origin of "land of the rising sun" is because Japan is East of China and the sun rises in the east.
We do call it that in German as well, I mean, not colloquially, but it’s used in literature or poetry.
For sure, and the Pacific Ocean is vast. So you go East and find Japan, and then for a long time it’s understood that there’s nothing off Japan’s east coast, and they’re the eastern edge of the world. So they’re the land of the rising sun. Seems fair!

There are Mercator projection maps with the Americas in the center and Japan on the left edge of the map.

Most maps, regardless of projection used, cut the world through the pacific because there’s barely any land. World maps centering the Americas cut through Central Asia, making them less practical for many applications.

All map projections try to flatten a curved surface. That only works with cuts and distortions. They are all trade-offs between conserving area, angles, shapes, distances. It’s impossible to to all of that.

Better than “dipshit”.
The Netherlands (荷蘭), obviously is something with flowers. Google translate tells me 蘭 means “orchid”. Also the sound “Hèlán” is fairly close to how the natives pronounce “Nederland”.

‘Holland’ as some use for ‘the Netherlands’ is a bit of a pars pro toto as Holland is a province of the Netherlands. Is just the most well known part, and more easier pronounce with one/two syllables (depending on how well you’re articulating).

Thanks for the etymology btw I was curious about it when I read the op.

YouTube Video on this topic with some more details. www.youtube.com/watch?v=_uzqOWFlJOA
How China’s Using Ancient Politics to Name Your Country

YouTube
Do more! Do more! :D
Kind of ironic that we named the western countries with nice words and got invaded instead

美國 can be very 美, politics aside

Time Square and the surrounding area is cool, although it make me anxious as fuck since I’m an introvert and because 嗰時咁細個喺外國,英語當時亦唔係幾好, so I kinda have to stay very close to 父母 to feel safe, but its just amazing how so many people can fit in such a tiny island (Manhattan, that is)

唐人街 in 曼克頓 is a reminder that I’m not alone is this place, last I checked, there are 5 Million of us here, it’s always a good reality check when faced with the constant news of political problems and the government constantly threatening to deport people.

My mom always said “唔洗怕,如果係排華唔會淨係趕你一個人” (You won’t be the only one to be deported, we’d all be together) lmao

I remember 啱啱來到美國嗰時 we’d use the subway a lot, but when we cross from Booklyn, where we lived, to Manhattan, the subway goes above ground to cross the water separating the two 區 on a bridge. That was the coolest scenes, just crossing the bridge, looking outside of the window of the subway. This place is so big.

I remember in 廣州, 住喺嗰啲樓,the apartment unit was 好窄好邋遢

嗰時喺布碌崙租嘅個間單位 (its a townhouse in suburban area, not a apartment building),雖然亦係覺得好窄,但係覺得好似比較新,現代,like… it’s just 睇落去好好多,睇落去順眼 know what I mean?

There are just so many cool places like there’s 好多公園 and 好多樹 where 廣州到冇咁多 greenery,空氣冇咁好

It really is a beautiful country, but then you have these politicians trying to ruin it… and also um… 你知啦… foreign policy… 👀

I really like the way you wrote this comment with the languages intermingled, with a touch of translation and the rest left to context.
That’s just an average Hongkonger message lol
What about Canada?
They just picked some characters that sound like ‘Canada’. It probably means something nonsensical like Greedy Purple Turtle
Ah well hopefully someone who knows the meaning can come share.
All Canadians (at least of a certain age) have learned the etymology of the word Canada from this heritage minute that used to be played all the time on TV: youtu.be/nfKr-D5VDBU
Heritage Minutes: Jacques Cartier

YouTube

God, Canada is fucking awesome. I’ve never even been, but everything I’ve heard and seen about it just makes it seem insane.

I know most of the jokes on South Park are fictional, but my God if seeing this didn’t remind me of the canadians’ “Box of Faith” from that one episode.

Box of Faith

YouTube
Part of our national identity is not being the USA. We’re like the bratty younger sister that thinks we’re better, but is cut from the same cloth. Now we are getting warmer and warmer weather, that used to belong to the States. Our population hugs the Southern border, but the area with nice weather will expand as will our value and capabilities.

Unfortunately, it means even less than Greedy Purple Turtle.

加 - add
拿 - grasp
大 - big

Paging Dr Chomsky.
I’ve always found it mildly xenophobic that basically 0 nations refer to any other nation by what that nation refers to itself as.

Interesting thought

I don’t think the other nations are too bothered by it in most cases.

The country that comes to mind first is Germany. They call it Deutschland. I never looked into why we as English speakers call it “Germany”. I just do it because everyone else does.

I haven’t heard of Germans getting upset about it. If they were legitimately offended, I’d start calling it Deutschland, no problem.

The real issues come in when there’s a historical context. Like, if the name contains a slur for the people in that nation. Or if you mix up the names of neighbouring Balkan countries.

IIRC Germany > Germania > Allemania > Alemanic tribes, people who lived in Germany. France calls them “Allemagne” as well, you can see where that came from.
Yeah, many Western European maps still refer to it as Alemania, which in beer contexts is quite a hoot :)

Germany used to be a collection of tribes and depending on which of these tribes the countries around them had contact with that’s the name that stuck in that language.

  • Germans call themselves Deutsche (from diutisc meaning “the people” in Old German)
  • In French they are called Allemagne after the Alamanni tribe
  • In Italian it’s Germania, same as the English Germany, from the ancient latin Germania with unknown origins
  • In Finnish it’s Saksa, after the Saxon tribes
  • Most slavic countries use some variant of Niemcy, which means “speechless”, because slavic and germanic languages have hardly anything in common and are thus unintelligible to each other.

It’s been changing a bit with British English in a few places. I remember when the Netherlands was more commonly referred to as Holland, which is no longer that common at all anymore.

Netherlands isn’t exact with the native name being Nederlands and is instead more of a “sound-a-like” translation as if we had it spelled in it’s native way you know the lamen would instead just call it the Nedderlands.

Nederland and Netherlands both mean low country? Low as in Lower Rhine. It has an origin in the Roman name "Germania Inferior".
Nether means low in English and Nederlands is mostly below sea level, but I wonder why it’s plural?
It used to be the Kingdom of the United Netherlands. I mean, it still is, but now that refers to everything including Curaçao, Saint Martin, etc
The late medieval Burgundians will have been the first to call it the low countries (les pays-bas). They acquired these territories (various duchies and counties in Belgium + Netherlands + bits around it) over time, not as one piece of land. All those different territories had different laws and traditions, different crown laws (HRE or kingdom of France), different local charters, … It wasn’t one country, so plural makes sense.

Hi everyone, I’m from the great nation known as the Central Nation (中国, China) of Asia, known officially as, the Central Hua-People’s Republic (中 华人民 共和国, PRC)

🤣

Actually that kinds sound a bit “Ancient” and cooler.

Or do I use the Pinyin pronunciation instead of translating?

Hi everyone, I’m from Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó. (Good luck pronouncing that with the tones correct 😉)

Xenophobic is a bit much. These names were mostly probably formed out of ignorance, and once a name is established it’s hard to change.
Yeah, how is that xenophobic?

I guess foggy there means it’s “mildly” xenophobic when you don’t bother to get someone’s name right.

A lot of names got changed during immigration due to wilful xenophobia last century, for example. Xenakis to Johnson, etc.

Structural linguistic problems like not having notation for foreign pronunciation isn’t necessarily xenophobic, but failure to address the problem might be.

What about Brazil? What impression did you have?
Interesting. In Japanese, we have the concept of ateji, where we just put Chinese characters for the sound so we just know not to take the meanings so literally. But we do tend to pick nice or neutral-sounding characters. i.e. we wouldn’t use characters like 死 or 糞 for the sound lol. This is the same for peoples’ names.

Most of those do make sense from a 19th century or older viewpoint, so I suspect that it’s not just a coincidence that those words were linked to those countries. If it was only one or a few with an ulterior meaning, then I could believe it to be a coincidence, but it’s most of them. I more believe that there were chinese word artists at work who looked for words with both a fitting meaning and the right sound.

When it comes to nature, the USA is a really beautiful country. France gave the world the Code Napoléon, which is one of the most influential evolutions in law systems. Britain’s success in it’s colonies and in the industrial revolution was very often based on the endeavours of individuals, ie heroes. Northern Germans are sticklers for following rules, politeness etc (which was back then viewed very positively by others, but has since become a bit tainted because an attitude of the law is the law will often lead to inhumanity). Mexico: not a clue. Korea: I just have vague guesses. Japan, when seen from northern China, is where the sun rises.

India is ‘stamp limit’?

Maybe Xuanzang was annoyed by how expensive it was to send letters home.