First of all keymaps are handled, by libinput, this is the same in X11 as in WayLand. Its just that in X11 you have dedicated binaries to communicate with the keymap backend but these are essentially wrappers.
Most WayLand Compositors and window managers allow to pass keymap configuration, not just #KDE or #Gnome.
Back in the day these binaries where needed as we had 100x input backends, now a days its all libinput.
