Hell yeah! Progress has been made!
I've now got Carla setup with audio plugins to make my mic sound better. I've also got audio routing so I can stream/record with separated audio channels.
Now I've got to figure out how to make it so every time I close and open programs like OBS and Discord, the connections don't reset meaning I have to "reattach" them. I think I may be able to do this through config files, but I'll work that out another day!