@mwlucas CIDR and IPv4 are fine. But 128-bit math IPv6 masking/prefixing get a bit taxing on the brain. ;-)
Speaking of which, CIDR day is on Monday. Any plans to celebrate?
Classless routing became an RFC on 24 Sept 1993. I hereby declare 24 Sept #CIDRDay. A quarter-century since classful routing was a thing. Celebrate by having a cider, and booting anyone who still talks about Class C addresses.
@Felthry As you're an electrical engineer, so I'll assume you know binary math.
An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number. Under classful routing, you can only divide networks by size on 8 bit boundaries: 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit. Most networks are 256 addresses, even if they only need 3 hosts.
With CIDR, you can divide networks on any bit you like.
IP addresses, networks, submasks, and CIDR notation can be difficult concepts to understand. In this guide, we will cover some of the basic ideas behind how these systems work together to allow computers to communicate over the internet.