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https://www.4gamer.net/games/955/G095562/20251116003/
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Title: Observability of signatures of transport-induced chemistry in clear atmospheres of hot gas giant exoplanets.
Transport-induced quenching, i.e., the homogenisation of chemical abundances
by atmospheric advection, is thought to occur in the atmospheres of hot gas
giant exoplan [...]
Authors: Maria Zamyatina, Éric Hébrard, Benjamin Drummond, Nathan J. Mayne, James Manners, Duncan A. Christie, Pascal Tremblin, David K. Sing, Krisztian Kohary
Transport-induced quenching, i.e., the homogenisation of chemical abundances by atmospheric advection, is thought to occur in the atmospheres of hot gas giant exoplanets. While some numerical modelling of this process exists, the three-dimensional nature of transport-induced chemistry is underexplored. Here we present results of 3D cloud- and haze-free simulations of the atmospheres of HAT-P-11b, HD 189733b, HD 209458b, and WASP-17b including coupled hydrodynamics, radiative transfer and chemistry. Our simulations were performed with two chemical schemes: a chemical kinetics scheme, which is capable of capturing transport-induced quenching, and a simpler, more widely used chemical equilibrium scheme. We find that transport-induced quenching is predicted to occur in atmospheres of all planets in our sample; however, the extent to which it affects their synthetic spectra and phase curves varies from planet to planet. This implies that there is a "sweet spot" for the observability of signatures of transport-induced quenching, which is controlled by the interplay between the dynamics and chemistry.
Title: 3D modelling of the impact of stellar activity on tidally locked terrestrial exoplanets: atmospheric composition and habitability.
Stellar flares present challenges to the potential habitability of
terrestrial planets orbiting M dwarf stars through inducing ch [...]
Authors: Robert J. Ridgway, Maria Zamyatina, Nathan J. Mayne, James Manners, F. Hugo Lambert, Marrick Braam, Benjamin Drummond, Éric Hébrard, Paul I. Palmer, Krisztian Kohary
Stellar flares present challenges to the potential habitability of terrestrial planets orbiting M dwarf stars through inducing changes in the atmospheric composition and irradiating the planet's surface in large amounts of ultraviolet light. To examine their impact, we have coupled a general circulation model with a photochemical kinetics scheme to examine the response and changes of an Earth-like atmosphere to stellar flares and coronal mass ejections. We find that stellar flares increase the amount of ozone in the atmosphere by a factor of 20 compared to a quiescent star. We find that coronal mass ejections abiotically generate significant levels of potential bio-signatures such as N$_2$O. The changes in atmospheric composition cause a moderate decrease in the amount of ultraviolet light that reaches the planets surface, suggesting that while flares are potentially harmful to life, the changes in the atmosphere due to a stellar flare act to reduce the impact of the next stellar flare.
Title: Importance of the advection scheme for the simulation of water isotopes over Antarctica by atmospheric general circulation models: A case study for present-day and Last Glacial Maximum with LMDZ-iso.
Atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) are known to have a warm and
isotopically enriched bias over Antarctica. We test here the hypothesis that
these biases are partly conse [...]
Authors: Alexandre Cauquoin, Camille Risi, Étienne Vignon
Atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) are known to have a warm and isotopically enriched bias over Antarctica. We test here the hypothesis that these biases are partly consequences of a too diffusive advection. Exploiting the LMDZ-iso model, we show that a less diffusive representation of the advection, especially on the horizontal, is very important to reduce the bias in the isotopic contents of precipitation above this area. The choice of an appropriate representation of the advection is thus essential when using GCMs for paleoclimate applications based on polar water isotopes. Too much diffusive mixing along the poleward transport leads to overestimated isotopic contents in water vapor because dehydration by mixing follows a more enriched path than dehydration by Rayleigh distillation. The near-air surface temperature is also influenced, to a lesser extent, by the diffusive properties of the advection scheme directly via the advection of the air and indirectly via the radiative effects of changes in high cloud fraction and water vapor. A too diffusive horizontal advection increases the temperature and so also contributes to enrich the isotopic contents of water vapor over Antarctica through a reduction of the distillation. The temporal relationship, from Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to present-day conditions, between the mean annual near-air surface temperature and the water isotopic contents of precipitation for a specific location can also be impacted, with significant consequences on the paleo-temperature reconstruction from observed changes in water isotopes.
Title: The global distribution of natural tritium in precipitation simulated with an Atmospheric General Circulation Model and comparison with observations.
The description of the hydrological cycle in Atmospheric General Circulation
Models (GCMs) can be validated using water isotopes as tracers. Many GCMs now
simulate the move [...]
Authors: Alexandre Cauquoin, Philippe Jean-Baptiste, Camille Risi, Élise Fourré, Barbara Stenni, Amaelle Landais
The description of the hydrological cycle in Atmospheric General Circulation Models (GCMs) can be validated using water isotopes as tracers. Many GCMs now simulate the movement of the stable isotopes of water, but here we present the first GCM simulations modelling the content of natural tritium in water. These simulations were obtained using a version of the LMDZ General Circulation Model enhanced by water isotopes diagnostics, LMDZ-iso. To avoid tritium generated by nuclear bomb testing, the simulations have been evaluated against a compilation of published tritium datasets dating from before 1950, or measured recently. LMDZ-iso correctly captures the observed tritium enrichment in precipitation as oceanic air moves inland (the so-called continental effect) and the observed north-south variations due to the latitudinal dependency of the cosmogenic tritium production rate. The seasonal variability, linked to the stratospheric intrusions of air masses with higher tritium content into the troposphere, is correctly reproduced for Antarctica with a maximum in winter. LMDZ-iso reproduces the spring maximum of tritium over Europe, but underestimates it and produces a peak in winter that is not apparent in the data. This implementation of tritium in a GCM promises to provide a better constraint on: (1) the intrusions and transport of air masses from the stratosphere and (2) the dynamics of the modelled water cycle. The method complements the existing approach of using stable water isotopes.
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