Mastodawn

Plant Systems as Platforms for the Production of Interferon Alpha and its Application - #molecularfarming #pharmaceuticalprotein #recombinanthumaninterferonα2b #oraldelivery #edibleplant #transgenicplants - https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452725060088

Plant Systems as Platforms for the Production of Interferon Alpha and its Application - Cytology and Genetics

Abstract Interferon alpha (IFN) is a small glycosylated polypeptide used in the treatment of cancer, immune disorders, and various other related diseases. Demands for human and veterinary medicine in safe sources of this remedy motivate investigations for new interferon production systems. Plants expressing IFN can become an excellent substitution for traditional bacterial systems. Among the advantages of plant-based human IFN are correct glycosylation, lack of toxins and pathogens, and unexpansive production costs. The effectiveness of different plant-based systems for IFN production is compared. Oral administration of IFN produced in edible plants is a promising direction for the lack of demand for purification of the protein, its effective storage, and safe mode of the protein delivery to the competent tissues of a treated organism. The advantages of edible plants as fortified vectors for interferon delivery are discussed. Examples of oral administration of IFN from different production systems are compared. Oral usage of human IFN from various production systems in veterinary is viewed.

SpringerLink

Cytology and Genetics Sep 9, 2025

Genetic Modification of Wheat to Increase Its Drought Tolerance - #wheat #drought #geneticmodification #transgenicplants #functionalgenes #genomeediting #regulatorygenes #genetics #agriculture - https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S009545272503003X

Genetic Modification of Wheat to Increase Its Drought Tolerance - Cytology and Genetics

Abstract Wheat is a strategic agricultural crop in the world and plays a leading role in mankind’s food supply. Despite the generally increasing trend of its production, global climate changes, and the associated increase in the number of soil and air droughts during the growing season of plants, the development of new strategies in the adaptation of wheat to this abiotic stress factor, the action of which causes a decrease in yield, is necessary. Genetic engineering made it possible to increase the efficiency of creating new drought-resistant genotypes of wheat, and its application became a significant addition to the traditional selection of this crop. Recently, some progress has been made in identifying key regulators of drought tolerance in wheat, and new genes have been identified that confer resistance and improve plant growth and survival. The presented literature review provides examples of successful application of genetic engineering to improve wheat adaptation to drought. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of osmolytes, proteins, and enzymes that function as scavengers of reactive oxygen species, molecular chaperones, and ion transporters, as well as regulatory genes of transcription factors and protein kinases and used to increase drought resistance of wheat, were considered. Information on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of genetically modified plants with various built-in genes for testing their tolerance to water deficit in controlled or field conditions is summarized. The results of editing the wheat genome to improve its drought resistance are presented.

SpringerLink

Cytology and Genetics Oct 8, 2024

Strategies for Engineering of Virus-Resistant Plants: Focus on RNases - #plantviruses #antiviraldefense #virusresistance #transgenicplants #RNases - https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452724020099

Strategies for Engineering of Virus-Resistant Plants: Focus on RNases - Cytology and Genetics

Abstract Currently, there are approximately 6500 species of viruses known in the world, among which more than 1500 are plant viruses. Most of them are capable of causing epiphytoties, which lead to decreased yields, reduced product quality, and sometimes put valuable commercial varieties or even entire plant species at risk of extinction. The global spread of viruses leads to the need to strengthen phytosanitary and quarantine restrictions, which requires additional financial costs. Understanding of viral biology and the principles of its propagation is a key factor in the formation of strategies and methods for combating these pathogens. Among the newest approaches are the genetic engineering technologies. Their use made it possible to create a number of plant varieties with increased resistance to viruses. However, the problem of creating virus-resistant plants still remains one of the most urgent since viruses acquire the ability to bypass defense mechanisms with time and there is a need to obtain new resistant varieties. There are several main approaches for obtaining of transgenic plants with increased resistance to viruses. They are based on RNA interference, resistance associated with viral capsid proteins, RNA-satellites, antisense RNAs, replicases, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the action of ribonucleases, ribosome-inactivating proteins, hammerhead ribozymes, miRNAs, plant antibodies, etc. One of the approaches to creating virus-resistant plants is the use of ribonuclease genes. The genes encoding ribonucleases have different origin and belong to a wide range of hosts: bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. In particular, extracellular ribonucleases are able to cut nonspecifically molecules of viral RNA in apoplast that allows for creating plants with increased resistance to various plant viruses. This review is focused on the study of various genetic engineering approaches and the prospects of their use for the creation of virus-resistant plants. Emphasis is placed on the study of heterologous ribonuclease genes influence.

SpringerLink

Cytology and Genetics Feb 8, 2024

Use of RNA Interference Technology for Improving Economically Valuable Traits of Cereal Crops - #cerealcrops #RNAinterference #transgenicplants #agronomictraits #grainquality #resistancetostress #abioticstress #bioticstress - https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452723060026

Use of RNA Interference Technology for Improving Economically Valuable Traits of Cereal Crops - Cytology and Genetics

Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) is a new potential tool for plant breeding by introducing small noncoding RNA sequences with the possibility of silencing gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. The ability to decrease the expression of a certain gene provides the possibility of acquiring a new characteristic through the elimination or accumulation of certain plant traits, which leads to biochemical or phenotypic changes that the original plants do not have. A progress (reached over the past decades) in the application of RNAi for the creation of cereal crops with improved economically valuable traits is described in this literature review. The main stages of the mechanism of gene silencing mediated by short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), peculiarities of their biogenesis, mode of action, and distribution are briefly presented. Numerous examples of the development of different biotechnological approaches to the improvement of cereals using gene transformation and exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules are summarized. The possibilities of using RNAi technology for changing the agronomic traits of plants, increasing the nutritional value and quality of the grain, and reducing the number of toxic compounds and allergens are highlighted. Considerable attention is paid to the practical results of different applications of RNAi to increase the resistance of grain crops to biotic stress factors (particularly, viruses, bacteria, fungi, pest insects, and nematodes). The examples of using siRNA-mediated RNAi to improve the cereal resistance to abiotic stresses (including drought and salinity) are given.

SpringerLink

Show thread

Tina

Feb 8, 2023

@SpockResists We’ve been altering the genetics of plants since the 19th century. What they also probably don’t realize is that the food they eat now is altered because of the need to produce enough food to feed the people in the US & the animals that give us food. We are also the world’s largest exporter of agricultural products. The people of the world rely on what we give/sell to them to sustain their populations.
#TruthAboutFood
#TransgenicPlants
https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/percentage-us-agricultural-products-exported

Percentage of U.S. Agricultural Products Exported

Graphic showing the percentage of U.S. agricultural production which is exported overseas. All told, more than 20 percent of U.S. agriculture is exported.

USDA Foreign Agricultural Service

Amelia Cervera 🧬Jan 2, 2023

Specific suppression of long terminal repeat retrotransposon mobilization in plants
#Retrotransposons #TransgenicPlants #GenomeInestability #Tenofovir
https://academic.oup.com/plphys/advance-article/doi/10.1093/plphys/kiac605/6965411

Specific suppression of long terminal repeat retrotransposon mobilization in plants

Plant tissue culture supplemented with the inhibitor of reverse transcriptase Tenofovir prevents mobilization of retrotransposons and increases genetic stabilit

OUP Academic