Particulate matter gets trapped in lymph nodes in the lungs, greatly increasing the severity of infections with age: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02073-x (academic) https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/decades-air-pollution-undermine-immune-system (popular)
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Inhaled particulate accumulation with age impairs immune function and architecture in human lung lymph nodes - Nature Medicine
Carbon-containing particulates accumulate with age in a subset of macrophages in human lung-associated lymph nodes, decrease macrophage phagocytic capacity and turnover and disrupt lymphoid tissue structure, potentially compromising adaptive immune responses.