The clearest photos taken of our sister-planet #Venus were taken on #ThisDayInHistory in 1982 when the #Soviet lander #Venera13 touched down on the brutally-hot world. Lacking a direct profit motive made the Soviet space-#science programme consistently pathbreaking and exciting.

Yesterday's image was not the only one like this. Here is a set of five views from Camera 2 on Venera 13, made the same way - from the full image set which, alas, we only have at low resolution:

http://mentallandscape.com/C_Venera13_2.jpg

The changes are small but they are real. There is a messy 6th image but I didn't include it.

#venus #venera13

Venera 13 didn't just image its surroundings. It analyzed surface composition, recorded sounds including various spacecraft activities, and recorded electrical discharges in the atmosphere. It survived for 127 minutes on the surface - quite remarkable considering the conditions on Venus. A parachute slowed it down but the lander was released from the parachute at 50 km altitude and it just fell to the surface.
#venus #venera13
Here is a quick closeup of the middle of the previous post at the original scale I worked at.
#venus #venera13
Once we have that panorama we can try to project it into a map geometry like this. I know this is not very good geometry, I just did it quickly yesterday. But it gives an idea of what the 'map' coverage is like - not very complete! The odd orientation reinforces the fact that (as I believe) we don't really know the orientation of the scene. Someone with a better grasp of the geometry could make a better version of this.
#venus #venera13

Once you have those panoramas you can do some other things with them. Each one sees the horizon at each end and the foreground in the middle, so they can be projected into a sort of cylindrical projection which straightens the horizon. Here are the two Venera 13 panoramas.

#venus #venera13

What do these images tell us? The landscape is superficially similar to that of Venera 10, with eroded and broken rock slabs separated by areas of darker gravelly debris. These Soviet versions of the images (from the NSSDCA) show the colour scale on the right side of the images and 2 camera covers which were ejected after landing, plus an arm which gave a reading of the hardness of the surface. This is probably in the dark plains area of the Magellan image.
#venus #venera13

Venera 13 had 2 cameras and both worked this time, giving 2 panoramas facing in opposite directions. As usual Don Mitchell gives us an excellent treatment of these panoramas:

http://mentallandscape.com/C_CatalogVenus.htm

(about 40% of the way down the page). The scene was scanned through 3 filters plus a clear filter so we have RGB images, nearly complete for one camera, only partial for the other. Here's one of them from that site:

http://mentallandscape.com/C_Venera13_New2.jpg

#venus #venera13

Soviet Venus Images

Martxoaren 5ean, Johnson Espazio Zentroan 2024ko astronauten graduazio ekitaldia izango da (NASAko 10 eta Arabiar Emirerri Batuetako bi hautagai)

#GaurkoEgunez 1982. urtean, Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasunaren #Venera13 zunda Artizarran lurreratu zen.

#Espazioa

Venera 13 transmitted the first recording of actual sounds from another planet, including sounds of Venusian wind, the lander hitting the ground, pyrotechnic lens cap removal and its impact on regolith, and action of the regolith drilling apparatus.

#science #sciencefacts #venus #venera13 #sound