**Dot Product (Scalar Product):** Multiplies two vectors to give a *scalar* measuring their directional alignment.
Ex: `[1,2] . [3,4] = 1*3 + 2*4 = 11`.
Pro-Tip: If `a . b = 0`, the vectors are perfectly orthogonal (perpendicular)! This is KEY for geometry & projections.
#LinearAlgebra #VectorMath #STEM #StudyNotes
