from Barraclough's Intro to Contemporary History:
Even after the 1849 gold rush CA's population was still under 100k people [hm, indigenous uncounted?] By 1900 it reached ~1.5M, a fifteen-fold increase in just 50 years. From 1930-1940 it would more than double from 3.4M to 6.9M and again from 1940-1960 reaching 15.7M, making it the most populous state in the Union. In 2021, CA reached 39M.