https://theroute.io - for now
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Kubernetes is nearly always the wrong answer. Nearly.
Prove me wrong please.
Let's do hardware hacking: how to measure the power.
The previous post is here:
https://infosec.exchange/@maldr0id/109337314917322015
The first big obstacle in measuring the power are the capacitors. These are included on the boards to stabilise the current, but they will have a significant impact on the power measurement. So, in order to properly measure the power we need to get rid of them, by, for example, removing the CPU from the board and putting it on the breadboard (see the first picture).
The second obstacle is the fact that most tools (e.g. oscilloscopes, logic analysers with analogue channels) measure voltage, not current (unless you have some fancy equipment).
In order to measure current we will use Ohm's law:
V = R * I
As you can see if R is constant (as is the case with a resistor) then measuring voltage is the same as measuring the current. In fact the shape of the chart of voltage measurements and current measurements will be exactly the same.
So let's introduce a small resistor and measure voltage across it (like in the second picture).
Now, you want the resistor resistance to be as high as possible (since it will magnify small changes in the current when measuring voltage - look at the Ohm's Law) but also not so high as to use all the power. For Arduino Uno 47 ohms is a good trade-off. 47 ohms is a lot and you'd usually use 1 or even 0.1 ohms for this job, but it works so I don't question it.
Now just attach logic analyser with analogue channels or better yet oscilloscope and you can measure the CPU power usage!
Attached: 1 image Let's start hardware hacking posts with simple power analysis. Each instruction executed on the CPU will use different amounts of power (whatever it means, just go with me, don't listen to the physics part of your brain). Based on the power usage you can determine not only what instruction is being executed but also what arguments it took! Seriously. Let's take the following example: bool checkPass(String buffer) { bool result = true; for (int i = 0; i < PASSWORD.length(); i++) { if (buffer[i] != PASSWORD[i]) { result = false; } } return result; } As you can see it's a very simple password check, without the usual timing attack bug. It's worth noting that the whole if is one assembly instruction on Arduino (hence it doesn't take longer to execute the loop because of the value assignment). Now if we assume that the password is just 5 digits we can try ten different passwords: 00000, 11111, ..., 99999 and get 10 power traces. If we overlay all of them we will see the odd ones out (like in the picture below). If you look closely at the picture below you will see that there are five distinct places in which the power traces differ. If you match the colours of traces to the password attempts you will get the 5 digits password in just 10 tries! Magic!
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