Thanks to 20+ years of cooperation via standards, most web devs are insulated from the reality that competition (or the threat of it) makes standards possible. It's a shock to recognise that Apple has broken the system so thoroughly that SDOs themselves are at risk:
https://infrequently.org/2025/09/apples-crimes-against-the-internet-community/
Apple's Assault on Standards
By subverting the voluntary nature of open standards, Apple has defanged them as tools that users might use against the totalising power of native apps in their digital lives. This high-modernist approach is antithetical to the foundational commitments of internet standards bodies and, over time, erode them.







