MonikaBrightLab

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49 Posts
Marine Benthic Ecology
Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology
University of Vienna (Austria, European Union)
twitterhttps://twitter.com/bright_monika
facebookhttps://www.facebook.com/hydrothermal.vent
websitehttps://mbe.univie.ac.at/
Under Hydrothermal Vents, Animal Life Is Discovered for First Time

For the first time, scientists observed tubeworms and other complex ocean creatures dwelling beneath hydrothermal vents.

The New York Times

To facilitate even more our lives, there is a tool that can load all this information gathered from the ocean floor and display graphically for us. It is like a Google Maps, but for the ocean floor. This tool is called GeoMapApp. It's free as scientists have put a lot of effort to produce and share bathymetric data all around the globe.

So why not checking how the seafloor of the beach you are going in your next vacations look like, even before dipping your toes into water?
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The only difference is that we need a really big boats to bring us to the place.

But how this data is collected? One really important tool is sonar systems. These systems emit sound waves that travel through the water and bounce back when they encounter the seafloor. By analyzing the time it takes for the sound waves to return, scientists can calculate the depth at different locations, much like how bats use echolocation to navigate in the dark!
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The type of data collected from measuring the depth of the ocean floor, and all the amazing geological formations that are there, such as mountains, canyons, trenches, is called bathymetric information. With the help of bathymetry, and the associated cartographic location, scientists can find their favourite hydrothermal vent animals and favourite vent sites with the same accuracy you will find your favourite ice cream place using your mobile phone
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Now just imagine that you are trying to locate a small tubeworm clump, or a swarm of vent shrimps in the enormous area entailing the Pacific Ocean's surface in the complete darkness. Pretty hard, no?

Scientists have a way of accessing the complex and mesmerising underwater landscapes, and for our lucky, the site we are heading for our experiments (East Pacific Rise 9°N) is well studied and mapped
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Mapping the secrets of the ocean floor

by André Luiz de Oliveira (on board #FalkorToo of Schmidt Ocean Institute)

#VentUnderworld #LifeInCrustCracks

Have you ever got lost exploring a new place while travelling? Even in our own hometown, sometimes we get completely confused by streets and signs trying to reach our favourite ice cream shop and need help finding ourselves. Our first instinct is too open any map app in our smartphones and add the address we are looking
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Similarly, as photosynthesis in plants, Endoriftia uses oxygen and carbon dioxide but instead of sunlight it used poisonous hydrogen sulfide to autotrophically fix carbon- a process that is called chemoautotrophy. Endoriftia uses these resulting molecules as energy source for itself and returns a part of it back to the worm. When the worm dies though, active nutrient supply from the host to the symbiont is shut down and they need to escape to survive on the long run
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When adult, the worm lacks a gut a mouth and anus, instead it lives solely on food provided by its symbionts -Endoriftia-. Endoriftia are located in a special organ called trophosome. Inside the worm, Endoriftia is provided with shelter and all compounds necessary for energy production that the worm takes up from the seawater and volcanic vent fluids
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The fascinating giant tubeworm Riftia-Endoriftia symbiosis

by Teresa Winter (on board #FalkorToo of Schmidt Ocean Institute)

#VentUnderworld #LifeInCrustCracks

This mutualistic association lives at hydrothermal vents in the deep sea such as the East Pacific Rise 9°N where we currently collect the worms from 2500m depth. In this symbiosis Riftia larvae and symbiont need to find each other. After infection a crazy inner transformation of Riftia's digestive systemt takes place.
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If Endoriftia is indeed a #mixotroph it might explain why this symbiosis is that successful and widespread at vents. The escaped free-living symbionts seed the environment and enhance the probability that both partners find each other, which is crucial to establish the symbiosis for new host generations. Additionally it might help to reach also more distant vent sites and hosts
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