
Many animals navigate their world largely by seeing and feeling it. To disentangle these visual and mechanosensory contributions, we developed a virtual reality assay targeting the optomotor response in adult wild-type zebrafish swimming against flow. By projecting dynamic visual patterns onto the walls of a variable-speed flow tank, we decoupled wide-field optic flow from hydrodynamic velocity. We then tested fish responses to abrupt visual perturbations while they held station in the unsteady wake behind a bluff body. These perturbations reliably elicited compensatory optomotor responses, with fish aligning to the direction of the moving stimulus. Notably, this behavior was absent in uniform flows, suggesting that fish prioritize visual input when predictive lateral line signaling is compromised. We propose that this sensory shift serves to optimize swimming energetics in turbulent wakes. Extending this framework, we further show that zebrafish swimming against flow, whether alone or in groups, exhibit heightened escape responses to looming visual stimuli. Together, our findings reveal that fish sensory strategies are not fixed but dynamically tuned to hydrodynamic context: favoring visual cues in turbulent environments and lateral line input in uniform flows. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. U.S. National Science Foundation, https://ror.org/021nxhr62, PHY-1748958, IOS-1257150, IOS-2321275, IOS-1856237, MPS/PHY 2102891, ENG/CMMI 2345913 National Institutes of Health, https://ror.org/01cwqze88, R25GM067110 Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, 2919.01 The Kavli Foundation, https://ror.org/00kztt736 National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, R56DC020321