Taking a closer look at this paper, I really dislike it.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05543-x
It's clear that newer papers *must* have a lower “disruption” score than older ones under a null model — they even confirm this in the supplemental material with a randomization test. It's an artifact of their definition.
When comparing with the null model they compute only the z-score, getting values at most 4 or so. It's also besides the point — as usual, small meaningless deviations from the null model can be statistically “significant.” Effect size ≠ statistical significance.
Finally, according to their definition, review papers would be “disruptive” because they funnel a bunch of citations. And a paper that does not cite anyone but is universally cited would not be “disruptive”. 🤷
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