The Atari 8-bit computers have two powerful display chips, GTIA and ANTIC. Like the 2600 it is possible to reprogram the display on each scanline to produce colorful display with higher resolutions, and this functionality can be coded in a hardware display list so no beam racing is required. In addition, a variety of character and bitmap modes are available as well as sprites(termed "player/missile" or PM)

ANTIC mode 4, a popular one for games, is a character mode that can display 5 colors per line. "5 is not a power of 2", I hear you say. The trick is that it reads the highest bit of each character to toggle one of the colors, so you have limited control of the palette within a scanline too.

Here you can see ANTIC 4 used in a colorful homebrew port of Bomb Jack: https://youtu.be/eVBenUTZDeg

Even though it is a character mode, the gameplay sprites are software rendered by modifying the character set per scanline, allowing the graphics to be free of hardware sprite limits. This burns a lot of memory, which means cartridge storage is needed to run it on an unmodified 64kb Atari.

Here's Paul Baran's RAND-published September 1962 justification for distributed communications networks summed up in a single chart. It's also the same paper where the famous "centralized vs decentralized vs distributed" triptych of graphs comes from. You still see this exact diagram, uncited, in modern presentations on the decentralized/distributed web.

Full paper: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2005/P2626.pdf