Leopards in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa are only about half the size of other African leopards. Whole-genome analysis identified about 90 genes that may be related to the size difference. Isolation of this population evidently occurred 20-24,000 years ago.
Summary: https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-finally-solve-the-mystery-of-south-africas-tiny-leopards/
Original paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41437-026-00822-z
