The ‘crazy rule-defying’ genes that determine biological sex

“In her book ‘Sex, Genes and Chromosomes’, geneticist Jennifer Graves leads readers through “one of the great detective stories of genetics”: the hunt for the genes that determine sex in vertebrates.

Graves makes an ideal guide, having contributed to many of the advances she describes.

With clear explanations, it should be a standard reference on X- and Y-chromosome biology.”

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-01101-x

The ‘crazy rule-defying’ genes that determine sex

A gripping account reveals the workings of the remarkable chromosomes that specify male or female development.

@AnnaAnthro I probably need to read this to understand some of what my partner teaches her undergrads. :)

Also, from research released last week, a single nucleotide change in a non-coding regulatory region was able to cause XX mice to develop as fully male.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-71328-9

@mikebabcock

A single-nucleotide enhancer mutation overrides chromosomal sex to drive XX male development - Nature Communications

A single base pair insertion in the Sox9 enhancer, Enh13, mediates XX female-to-male sex reversal. This subtle non-coding mutation reconfigures transcriptional regulation, enhances Sox9 expression, revealing Enh13 as a binary switch governing sexual fate.

Nature