Budapest, 1989

A young Viktor Orbán at a FIDESZ party event. FIDESZ, most of whose members at that time were young people - its name is an abbreviation of the Hungarian for the Alliance of Young Democrats - helped Hungary get rid of the old, corrupt Communist political system that had outlived its usefulness. It's now time for another renewal and for his old and corrupt regime to be gone.

Fortepan [ 310619] / Árpád Krizsán

#fortepan #Hungary #Orbán #HU

@paulhellyer "For long periods the High seem to be securely in power, but sooner or later there always comes a moment when they lose either their belief in themselves, or their capacity to govern efficiently, or both. They are then overthrown by the Middle, who enlist the Low on their side by pretending to them that they are fighting for liberty and justice. As soon as they have reached their objective, the Middle thrust the Low back into their old position of servitude, and themselves become the High. Presently a new Middle group splits off from one of the other groups, or from both of them, and the struggle begins over again."

The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism by Emmanuel Goldstein

In George Orwell's 1984

@juliaclement Orwell was very wise and prescient. This is a great extract. The worry is that Orbán's main challenger, Peter Magyar, is from the ranks of FIDESZ and shares many of their values. We hope he is not as corrupt nor as pro-Russian. Maybe he will follow the same trajectory. But that is for the future to decide. Now, we just need change.

@paulhellyer ... and also very well read. This bit was influenced by James Burnham's The Managerial Revolution and Pareto's Circulation of Elites either directly or through an intermediary such as Burnham.

Orwell's 1946 essay Second Thoughts on James Burnham sets out to rebut Burnham while the above section of Goldstein's "Book" is either a parody or Reductio ad absurdum of Burnham -- Despite many re-reads I am still not sure which best describes it.

https://orwell.ru/library/reviews/burnham/english/e_burnh.html

George Orwell: Second Thoughts on James Burnham

Second Thoughts on James Burnham, the review of George Orwell. First published: summer 1946 by/in Polemic, GB, London