Yes, and so can most experienced developers. In fact unmaintainable human-written code is more often caused by organisational dysfunctions than by lack of individual competence.

In my experience there’s usually a confluence of individual and institutional failures.

It usually goes like this.

hotshot developers is hired at company with crappy software

hotshot dev pitches a complete rewrite that will solve all issues

complete rewrite is rejected

hotshot dev shoehorns a new architecture and trendy dependencies into the old codebase

hotshot new dev leaves

software is more complex, inconsistent, and still crappy

That’s one of the failure modes, good orgs would have design and review processes to stop it.

There are other classics like arbitrary deadlines, conflicting and shifting requirements and product direction, perverse incentives, etc.

I would even say that the AI craze is even a result of the latter.