crude #oil refining. different products consist of different crude oil components differing in molecule size, boiling point, flammability and energy content.
#diesel need alkanes, naphthens and aromatics. the long chain alkanes give it it's energy-punch. it has to be refined from crude oil that has these components. US #shale oil has not.
#oil industry measures "heaviness" (overall boiling point, viscosity, etc of the crude mix) via a measure called API gravity.
A LOT of the crude oil with the right gravity to make #diesel (30° to 40° API) comes from the #middleeast.
depending on how far #iran is willing to go: ~30% of the entire worlds supply, MOST OF IT 30°-40°API oil needed for #diesel, including ALL alternative routes to #hormuz are directly face-to-face with iran on the other side of the persian gulf.
@kali This map displays a section of the Arabian Peninsula along the Arabian Gulf, with land areas in beige and water in light blue. Green shapes are scattered across the map, corresponding to labeled locations. The text labels are "Safaniyah", "Zuluf", "Manifa", "Berri", "Abqaiq", "Khurais", "Ghawar", and "Shaybah", positioned near the green shapes. The Arabian Gulf is labeled in light blue text along the right edge of the map. The green areas are concentrated around the labeled sites, particularly near the coastline where the Arabian Gulf is located.
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This is a map titled "Pipelines Bypassing Hormuz" showing oil and gas infrastructure in the Middle East region. The map includes a legend with symbols: "Oil refinery" (icon), "Oil, gas field" (dark gray dot), "Oil terminal" (circle with line), and "Oil, gas pipeline" (orange line). Key labeled elements are the East-West Pipeline, Habshan-Fujairah Pipeline, oil fields such as Khurais, Ghawar, Shaybah, and Abqaiq, refineries at Yanbu North and Yanbu South, and oil terminals near Yanbu South and Habshan-Fujairah. The map covers countries including ISRAEL, JORDAN, IRAQ, KUWAIT, IRAN, SAUDI ARABIA, YEMEN, EGYPT, SUDAN, Eritrea, U.A.E., QATAR, OMAN, with geographic features like the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Indian Ocean marked. The map includes a scale of "200 mi" and "200 km" and cites sources as "Sources: US Central Intelligence Agency, US Department of Energy".
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@kali A horizontal image displays six glass bottles with black caps arranged from left to right. The left end is labeled "Heavier," the right end is labeled "Lighter," and the title "Weight (API Gravity)" spans above the bottles. Each bottle contains a liquid with a numerical label: 39.7, 40.9, 42.3, 50.1, 67.0, and 74.2 from left to right. The liquids show a color progression from dark brown (first three bottles) to amber (50.1), yellow (67.0), and dark brown (74.2). This layout visually compares fluid density based on API gravity values, with darker liquids associated with higher API gravity on the right and lighter liquids on the left.
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A chart titled "Crude Oil Yields" with a red header bar displays multiple cylindrical illustrations representing different crude oil types, each labeled with names and numerical values. The chart has rows of color-coded barrels, each divided into bands with corresponding labels such as "Maya Venezuela", "Kuwait Heavy", and "WTI". A legend in the bottom right, labeled "KEY [% V/V]", explains color bands for "Crude", "Naphtha", "Kerosene", "Gas Oil", and "Residue". The chart is organized into columns with approximately 20 oil types per row, spanning multiple rows, each cylinder having a unique color scheme and numerical yield values. The title "Crude Oil Yields" appears in white text on a red banner, and the chart footer includes "Abdulatef & Al-Sattar" along with "BP/IEA Oil Report 2015".
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@kali A flowchart depicting crude oil refining into petroleum products. Left side: crude oil enters atmospheric distillation (marked with temperatures 20°C, 150°C, 200°C, 300°C, 370°C) and vacuum distillation (>400°C), with an arrow labeled "Residue" from the vacuum section. Middle section: processing steps include catalytic reforming, cracking, hydro-treating, hydro-desulfurization. Right side: product categories listed as natural gases, gasoline, Naphta, Kerosene, Heating Oil, Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil, Bitumen. Far right: molecular structures show "Crude Oil" (blue, black, yellow clusters) and "Tar" (red, yellow clusters) as labeled. Text elements verbatim include "atmospheric distillation," "vacuum distillation," temperatures, process names, and product names.
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The image is a table with six rows, each containing a chemical compound's name and formula in the left column and a 3D ball-and-stick molecular model in the right column. The compounds listed verbatim are: "n-didecyl, C₂₀H₄₂"; "3,6,9,10-methyl-dodecane, C₁₆H₃₄"; "1-propyl-3-hexyl-cycloheptan, C₁₆H₃₂"; "Diethylbicycloheptan, C₁₆H₃₀ + ethylcycloheptan-cyclononane, C₁₆H₃₀"; "pentylindane, C₁₄H₂₀"; and "1,4-dipropylbenzene, C₁₂H₁₈". The right column displays models using green spheres for carbon atoms and purple spheres for hydrogen atoms, illustrating structures such as linear alkane chains, branched alkanes with substituents, cycloalkanes with alkyl groups, bicyclic systems, and an aromatic benzene derivative with propyl substituents. Each molecular visualization corresponds to the specific atomic arrangement of its respective compound. The table visually links chemical nomenclature to spatial representations of molecular geometry.
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🌱 Energy used: 0.939 Wh
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