Awning. They’re a great way to reduce the need for AC by providing shade in treeless regions.

80% of the flats where I live have one above their balcony - and we are not even close to treeless.

I was really bewildered by the idea that someone might not know what these are…

In some places where air conditioning is omnipresent they’re uncommon. There’s a technology connections video about them that touches on it
But AC wouldn’t cover the balcony (which here is the most common usecase for awnings)?
Balconies aren’t really a thing for most people in the American Midwest, which is where I’m from. You have porches and patios, but those are weather permitting structures and they’re mostly used when it’s a bit later so it’s not too bright.