Awning. They’re a great way to reduce the need for AC by providing shade in treeless regions.

80% of the flats where I live have one above their balcony - and we are not even close to treeless.

I was really bewildered by the idea that someone might not know what these are…

In some places where air conditioning is omnipresent they’re uncommon. There’s a technology connections video about them that touches on it
But AC wouldn’t cover the balcony (which here is the most common usecase for awnings)?
they still help block sunshine from heating your south wall, which reduces the need for AC indoors.
(hello to the 10% of humans who live in the southern hemisphere, i did eventually remember you exist too)
Well, it would also help blocking sunshine from heating their south wall, but before that, something must have gone horribly, horribly wrong…
Balconies aren’t really a thing for most people in the American Midwest, which is where I’m from. You have porches and patios, but those are weather permitting structures and they’re mostly used when it’s a bit later so it’s not too bright.

In some places where air conditioning is omnipresent they’re uncommon

Not really… People don’t blast AC to their outdoor porch.

AC is everywhere in the US, and we still have plenty of awnings

Both of these are regional. Growing up in Ohio awnings were rare. And in some states ac is more or less common. I know in Washington’s Puget Sound region it’s more or less only in new construction because before the past decade or so it’s been mild all year.
Air Conditioners in America: Percentage of U.S. Households with at Least One AC - Vivid Maps

Explore which U.S. states have the most and least households with air conditioning, when AC first appeared, and how it spread across the country.

Vivid Maps