@randahl I think that has more to do with VW misreading the ability of Chinese manufactures to simply outcompete in their home turf, and eventually the rest of the world.

Americans will always want their big trucks, but there will.come a day when the Chinese say "hold my beer" and build the charging network across America that government and oil money tried to cripple.

VW and other companies have tripped over their own dicks establishing factories in China to get a foothold in an astonishingly large market, all in the pursuit of growth.

Their numbers went up but they never realized that the Chinese had their thumb on the scale the whole time.

The Chinese have not outsmarted the West - the West has outgreeded itself.