...connecting the historical dots, it becomes clear that the #chinese #exclusion act eventually led to the creation of both the "#federal" dreges #immigration and #customs #enforcement (#ice) and the extention of requirements for a11 persons to carry #citizenship or #identification papers on them(*the latter was already heavily enforced upon enslaved persons who were "allowed" to travel off-plantation to run errands for their "#owners" and prevent them being punished or resold as "#runaways")...