Though I have no doubt that Tim Berners-Lee understands thermodynamics waaaay better and more intimately than I do, I think he’s ignoring the nature of thermodynamic systems that Tim Garrett has expressed.
The more energy in a system the more there is massive inequality in it. And inequality breeds the dynamics we see on the web today. A more equitable web and/or AI may require that they be *smaller*
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/sep/28/why-i-gave-the-world-wide-web-away-for-free
