One of the fun/annoying things about starting a pinball museum is the number of historical rabbit holes that I get caught up in. Today it's how this 1936 pinball machine led me to what looks like an MLM scheme from the 1920s and 1930s. A scam that still works today! 🧵
Bally's Carom was part of the wave of pinball-ish machines that started in 1931, but they quickly veered into what at the time was legal ambiguity, but today is clearly seen as a gambling machine. Here's the Carom schematic, which makes clear that the operator can set the payout odds. Gambling! 100% gambling! 2/
Now once I get this restored, I want people to be able to play it and get the same experience they would in 1936. But I don't want to get arrested, and I don't want people walking off with the proceeds. So I started searching for nickel-sized brass tokens. That led me to a bunch of vintage options on eBay, including this. 3/
https://www.ebay.com/itm/177261258488
To a modern eye, that's super jarring. A swastika of all things! But the swastika is a symbol used in many cultures around the world, often symbolizing good luck. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swastika 4/
Swastika - Wikipedia

At a guess, this particular use was part of a wave of orientalism in the west during the 1920s that gave us things like the famous Graumann's Chinese Theater in LA. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre 5/
Grauman's Chinese Theatre - Wikipedia

Anyhow, this got me digging. "Health-O" turns out to be The Health-O Quality Products company, a 20s and 30s company from Cincinnati that promised you riches. Here's an ad from 1926. https://www.ebay.com/itm/197646018281 6/
This is exactly the same scam that Amway is running today. You, a perfect novice, can be in business for yourself pronto making big money. 7/
They advertised quite a bit. Here's a full-page ad from "Western Story Magazine" in 1930. It's such a good example of this kind of manipulation. Our distance from it makes it easier to see how suspicious it is, but I'm sure it was very effective at the time. 8/
https://www.electronicsandbooks.com/edt/manual/Old%20Pulp%20Magazines/!%20new/Western%20Story%20Magazine%20-%2025%20February%201930.pdf
They must have been huge, as even today you can find collections of their recruiting pitches on eBay. 9/ https://www.ebay.com/itm/226150641687
They even used took advantage of the 1930s craze for jigsaw puzzles to rope in housewives. 10/ https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/jigsaw-puzzle-how-helen-s-dreams-came-true-health-o-quality-products-co/tgGbfadXPBEOtA
Jigsaw puzzle:How Helen's Dreams Came True - Health-O Quality Products Co. - Google Arts & Culture

Around 1760, English mapmaker John Spilsbury pasted one of his maps to a board, cut around the borders, and created the first jigsaw puzzle. The idea caugh...

Google Arts & Culture

Alas, I'm out of time to look into what happened to them. They were big enough that they apparently had a whole multi-story building that they were proud of. But presumably they blew up in the Great Depression. Most scams are pretty delicate, and collapse easily during downturns.

A good lesson to remember as we see a lot of get-rich-quick offers like cryptocurrencies hoovering up the dumb money while promising financial independence, just like Health-O did back in the day.

11/11

https://www.ebay.com/itm/154689095213

@williampietri that score projection unit is adorable

also, the odds unit is an air dashpot relay?! freaking cool.

@williampietri how did the payout work, did it just kick out the coins lined up on this thing? https://www.ipdb.org/showpic.pl?id=458&picno=25688
Internet Pinball Machine Database: Bally 'Carom' Images

Pictures, documents, manufacturing data, ratings, comments, features, and history for Bally 'Carom' pinball machine.

@vxo That is an excellent question, but I don't know yet. That thing matches a hole in the top that lets you see the coins recently played. I suspect that was either about letting the operator validate that people weren't putting in slugs or letting the marks see that there was real money to be won.

The payout motor itself is lower down than that, but I haven't had a chance to look at it in detail.

@vxo Also, next you're in Chicago please look us up! https://theflip.museum/
The Flip

Our Mission

@williampietri I keep also wondering what is referred to as a Variator here.

That's a fun word I don't see used often enough. The only other place I see it commonly used is to refer to the variable "diameter" engine pulley on scooters and ATVs using a rubber belt CVT

I stuck diameter in quotes because it's not the overall diameter, but the diameter of the contact patch with the belt that is varied by having one side of the biconic pulley slide in and out

@vxo The guy sending me the circuit diagram also asked about the variator! If you want to join our volunteer discord let me know; you obviously have knowledge we don't, and it would be a good way to keep up on our discoveries.
@williampietri Yeah I would like to. It sounds fascinating
@williampietri note that by "cool" I mean, sure, for a pinball machine. Air and oil dashpot relays are a pain in the posterior in industrial automation and it's a good thing they've mostly been replaced by solid state timers. Dust gets in and halts them.

@williampietri not just #gambling, but illegal #GameFixing by any halfway decent standard, because proper gambling machines have their odds hardwired / hardcoded with a certified RNG system.