#JohnMacArthur just gets this wrong. #Jesus at birth was both God and man. You can't separate His natures. #Nestorius #Theotokos #Christianity https://x.com/NathanielJolly/status/1916913739024286200
Nathaniel Jolly (@NathanielJolly) on X

John MacArthur is 100% correct here. This is the very thing I've been saying. In fact, Roman Catholics refer to her as the God bearer. They say she gave birth to God and thus is to be elevated and adored. She gave birth to God. That is a terrible misconception. She gave birth

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@trbutler MacArthur is aggressively wrong on many settled points of theology. He also seems to lack the humility to consider he could be in error. I think he's best actively ignored.

(And his radio show should really be renamed "No Grace for You.")

@trbutler MacArthur is basically saying that the Logos of God never had a mother, and therefore never put on full humanity. How can we be united to the Godhead if he did not become fully united to human nature? MacArthur has obviously not read church history, because he is parroting the heretic Nestorius.

Both of my wifeโ€™s sisters attended The Masterโ€™s College. Sigh.

@trbutler Hereโ€™s the text of a vesperal hymn that lays it out with no wiggle room:

How can we not wonder
at your bearing of a child both God and man*, O Pure One?
For without receiving the touch of man,
you gave birth in the flesh to a Son without father,
who before eternity
was born of the Father without a mother.
He underwent no mingling, no change, no separation,
but preserved the fullness of each nature.
Therefore, O Virgin Mother and Lady,
entreat Him to save the souls of those who in orthodox manner
profess you to be the Theotokos.

* (Literally, "at your theandric childbirth")

@ossobuffo Thanks for sharing that hymn!
@ossobuffo Yes, that really is the heart of the issue, isn't it? MacArthur seems to engage with these sorts of theological topics just enough to be dangerous, unfortunately.

@trbutler

Looks like you got it wrong too.

The evidence for a god is nonexistent. The evidence for "Jesus" is very shaky.

Faith is pretending to know things you don't know.

______________________
#atheism #faith #god

@tomcapuder Actually there are few if any serious historians who doubt the existence of Jesus. A couple hundred years ago, there were more, but the evidence since then has even most atheist scholars convinced He did exist. Obviously, they don't all agree about all of who he was, but Jesus's historical existence is not seriously questioned.

@trbutler

"evidence since then has even most atheist scholars convinced He did exist."

Citation, please.

______________________
#atheism #faith #god

@tomcapuder I'd be glad to provide! Skeptical scholars such as Bart Ehrman have spoken to the point I made. I was trained as a historian and can't recall a single serious 20th or 21st century historian who questioned whether the man Jesus existed. More convenient to link to you, it isn't exactly scholarly, but Wikipedia summarizes the point well, isn't known as particularly pro-Christian and provides several good, scholarly citations. Here's what it says: โ€œThe question of historicity was generally settled in scholarship in the early 20th century.[1][2][3][note 1] Modern scholars agree that a Jewish man named Jesus of Nazareth existed in the Herodian Kingdom of Judea and the subsequent Herodian tetrarchy in the 1st century AD, upon whose life and teachings Christianity was later constructed. [...] The idea that Jesus was a purely mythical figure has been considered a fringe theory in academic scholarship for more than two centuries, but according to one source it has gained popular attention in recent decades due to the growth of the Internet." I commend footnote 1 on the same page, as well. (C.f. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus#cite_note-Jesus_existed-4)
Historicity of Jesus - Wikipedia

@trbutler

I can buy Jesus being born a human at birth since I know that humans exist and are born; there's nothing outlandish about that claim, but him being born as a God is something that has yet to be proven, yet Christians claim it to be an absolute fact with the most confidence.

@Radical_EgoCom We do indeed claim that and believe it. I believe if one takes the words of Jesus seriously, that's the inevitable destination.

@trbutler

You are correct that if one were to take the words of Jesus seriously, the inevitable destination would be to believe that he's God. It's the taking his words (about his divine status) seriously part that I'm against. Yes, Jesus claimed he was God, but so have hundreds of people throughout history and even today. How do we tell which one's telling the truth, if any?

@Radical_EgoCom An excellent question! Depending on where one's doubts of Jesus's words lie, I might answer different points. But, a few brief thoughts:

1.) the amount of testimony of Jesus's miracles, death and resurrection is quite high (relatively speaking in the ancient world). While many people claim divinity, there aren't usually records of _many_ of the surrounding circumstances. Often if miracles are attributed to a figure, we find they weren't attributed by first hand witnesses.

2.) those who witnessed these things, believed them, confessed them and were willing to die for them. (Not just those who later on were told them, but the ones who knew if they were following a lie or not, because their own eyes saw whatever they saw or didn't see.)

3.) There was little or no benefit to believing and confessing these things if they knew them to be untrue.

4.) A Christian also believes God's Spirit testifies about His Word, and to me, I believe that experiential aspect is the most profound, though it obviously can't prove anything to someone else. It would be God showing you or anyone else that.

I realize none of this gives a complete reason. But hopefully it is at least helpful in understanding the mind of someone who does believe.

@trbutler

My doubts in Jesus's words about his God status lie in the absence of evidence for the claim.

1. I have no idea if what you're saying about miracles not usually being witnessed by many people is true, but regardless of if it is, a large number of people saying something is true doesn't make it true. That's an argumentum ad populum, or argument from popularity, fallacy. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum#:~:text=It%20uses%20an%20appeal%20to,everyone%2C%20it%20is%20therefore%20correct.

1/3

Argumentum ad populum - Wikipedia

@trbutler

2. People, regardless of how many there are, believing something and being willing to die for that belief, doesn't make it true. This argument could be made for any religion with martyrs, like Islam, for example. Also, this is an argumentum ad crumenam, or appeal to belief, fallacy. https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/logicalfallacies/Appeal-to-Common-Belief

2/3

Appeal to Common Belief

When the claim that most or many people in general or of a particular group accept a belief as true is presented as evidence for the claim. Accepting another personโ€™s belief, or many peopleโ€™s beliefs, without demanding evidence as to why that person accepts the belief, is lazy thinking and a dangerous way to accept information.

@trbutler

3. This third point is just a tautology fallacy. It is true that if they didn't believe Jesus was God then there would be no benefit for their belief, confessions, and martyrdom. So what? That doesn't mean what they believed was true. They could have just genuinely believed in something that was untrue. https://wiki.c2.com/?TautologicalDefinitionFallacy

4. I have nothing to say about this forth point other than I don't believe in God's Spirit (or God).

3/3

@Radical_EgoCom I appreciate your focus on philosophical argumentation and your logical fallacy points are spot on when it comes to establishing philosophical propositions. However, unlike formulating a mathematical theorem, historical examinations are more akin to court cases. To examine if George Washington were ever president of the United States, if an Apollo mission landed on the moon or if Jesus were Resurrected, we must do so via the preponderance of evidence.

You are right to cite the _ad populum_ fallacy if my claim were simply that a lot of people believed something. Likewise that it were a tautology if it were merely โ€œitโ€™s true because people believe it.โ€ Instead, Iโ€™m speaking to how we establish _credible testimony_. As a principle in courts, and in life, we understand there is a difference between abstractly holding a belief and eyewitness testimony -- especially when the witness is under duress to deny the thing he or she instead affirms. The costliness of signals has a distilling effect, as we regularly see demonstrated when people change their story when placed in court under threat of perjury.

Thus, in a court, finding more witnesses and witnesses who have closer proximity to an event is a quite reasonable -- and often, the only -- way of establishing if something is likely to have happened. For your question, the thing worth establishing is either (a) โ€œwas Jesus resurrected?โ€ or (b) โ€œdid He do miracles?โ€ If either of those can be affirmed, that would lend credence to other things He said, thus dramatically increasing the likelihood of His divinity.

I would gladly discuss the available testimony if youโ€™d like. For now, I am just laying out a framework for evaluation. (1/2)

It is only once we sort out that testimony that we can bring to bear deductive reasoning. Hereโ€™s a syllogism Iโ€™d submit should be tested when examining the quality of testimony: If Jesus did genuine miracles, that would substantiate His claims to divinity / the preponderence of evidence is that He did genuine miracles // Therefore, Jesus's claim to divinity is likely true.

P.S. I didnโ€™t understand your reference to _argumentum ad crumenam_โ€™s concerns about wealth, but would be happy to discuss it further if youโ€™d like. (2/2)

@trbutler

George Washington being the president and the Apollo mission is not the same as someone claiming to be God or multiple people claiming someone to be God. We know that it's possible for someone to be a president or go to the moon, so the idea that someone did those things in the past isn't all that unbelievable. As far as I'm aware, there's no evidence of someone being God or of a God (whatever a God is even supposed to be) even existing, so... 1/4

@trbutler

...in order to make the "Jesus is God" claim anywhere as believable as the moon landing or Washington being president you'd have to actual prove that 1. God exists, and 2. That it's possible for someone to be God.

Your syllogism is flawed.

"If Jesus did genuine miracles, that would substantiate His claims to divinity."

Yes, that is true.

"the preponderence of evidence is that He did genuine miracles"

What evidence? 2/4

@trbutler

Do you mean the eyewitness testimonies? I already explained that a bunch of people saying something is true isn't proof that it's true. The eyewitness testimonies aren't evidence, they're the claims. The eyewitnesses claimed that Jesus is God, and now there needs to be evidence to prove their claims. Basically, Jesus claimed he was God, then a bunch of people made the exact same claim, and you think that's evidence? 3/4

@trbutler

A bunch of people repeating the same claim that hasn't been proven isn't evidence of the claim. You need evidence for the claim that Jesus is God. 4/4

@Radical_EgoCom Note, my claim with the witnesses wasn't the one you're making, per se. That's several logical leaps beyond my point. Yes, the witnesses DID believe He is God. But, I was intentionally avoiding ontological discussions and focusing on the more empirical.

To say they believed โ€œHe is God" so we should believe He is God, in and of itself, is fallacious in the sense you pointed out. But to say they claimed (even when under duress to recant) to witness someone they'd seen executed resurrected from the dead is a distinctly different type of claim inviting of empirical, historical methods.

The payoff: if one establishes credible testimony for historical occurences (miracles, resurrection, etc. in the Gospels and surrounding hisotrical documents), THEN one can examine the claims Jesus Himself made about Himself as to his ontological status.

As to proving whether God exists more abstractly, if you want to take a step back to that point, I personally find the Thomist/Aristotlean first cause -- and all of Thomas's "Five Ways" -- my preferred argumentation.

@trbutler

If you understand that believing that Jesus is God just because he said that he's God is fallacious, then why can't you also understand that believing that Jesus came back from the dead just because a bunch of people said he did is also fallacious? Both require you to believe a claim with no evidence, which is what makes it fallacious.

@Radical_EgoCom Because I don't "just because a bunch of people said he did." Historical examination _always_ requires evaluating the testimony of sources.

I don't know that Shakespeare wrote his plays by the standard you seek, but I _am_ of the school that believes the man from Stratford-upon-Avon is the author of the plays we have even though there is a degree to which attributing such a large and accomplished body of work to some insignificant actor seems highly unlikely at first blush.

Different testimony, such as that of Ben Johnson, speaks to that conclusion. Am I fallacious for thinking that since Ben Johnson believed Shakespeare was Shakespeare (and not, say, the Earl of Oxford) that lends credence to Straffordian school's case? No, of course not. (1) Johnson had better access to the situation than any of us do, (2) Johnson had motives to impinge his form rival's accomplishments, (3) Johnson's testimony fits with other testimony to present a cohesive case for the man of Stratford-upon-Avon.

As you know, it would be an argumentum ad ignorantiam fallacy to say that because we've never observed resurrection that resurrection cannot happen. Therefore, while the claims about Jesus are more significant existentially, sure, they differ in a matter of degree, not a change in category.

@trbutler

This is a false equivalency. Believing that Shakespeare wrote the plays that are attributed to him isn't the same as believing someone is the Son of God. We know for a fact that people can write plays, so the idea of someone hundreds of years ago writing a bunch of plays isn't all that unbelievable. There's no evidence that I know of that God (again, whatever a God even is) exists or that it ever had a son or that its son was Jesus. 1/2

@trbutler

I know that it would be a fallacy to say something doesn't exist just because it's never been observed, which is why I don't hold that position for anything. My position is based on the fact that there's no evidence (that I know of) for a God or its theoretical son, and from that the conclusion of my position is that people should withhold belief in God or its son until some evidence for their existence is provided, not claim that it doesn't exist. 2/2

@Radical_EgoCom

There is plenty evidence that every religion is man made. The globe is full of people with their special version of belief in some deity with various rituals and traditions which to top it all also derive from various different religions and were adopted to make the new religion more palpable for people believing in the other religion.

Sound to me like a big grift. But who am I to impose my conclusions on others.

@trbutler

@Radical_EgoCom @trbutler There has been a lot of research to why eye witness accounts are not reliable. Two people witnessing the same event can have totally different accounts of it afterwards. Thinking that eye witness accounts of 2000 years ago have reached us intact is even more difficult to understand. If you've ever played Chinese whispers you will know that in a chain of whispered words a lot can go wrong in a story.
@Radical_EgoCom @trbutler During the show of an illusionist a lot of people see and witness events that seem magical or miraculous. Only difference is we know before the show that they will be tricks and therefore don't believe what we see.
@Radical_EgoCom @trbutler Having said that, I do understand the need to believe that there is something bigger than humans out there, that there is a plan that gives meaning to ones life and that death is not the end.
@Radical_EgoCom @trbutler What I do not understand is the zeal to recruit others to the same belief as oneself. Is it that there is safety in numbers? The more people believe the same the truer it becomes? Doubts can be quashed because if so many people think and say the same, it can't be wrong?

@AAae @Radical_EgoCom You raise fair points. And you are quite right about eyewitness testimony. That's the historian's dilemma on establishing what happened in a particular case. Here, as it often is, the query is into (a) how much testimony is available, (b) the quality of the testimony, (c) the alternate explanations available, etc. Testimony that spans a period of time (seeing a resurrected man more than once), for example, is greater than testimony suggesting a brief apperance, since an illusion would be easier to maintain briefly.

Perhaps so on your zeal question. I think that is true. I also think a theistic believer presumably sees some or (a lot) of benefit for others to come to know "the truth" (salvation, peace, etc.) and for the Christian, sharing is the "commission" we believe Jesus gave at His Ascension, so to believe but stay silent is disobedience to the One we profess is God.

I also think that applies on the inverse. I regularly have atheists and agnostics try to convince me I'm wrong -- and not because I've provoked the discussion. Sometimes anyone (myself included!) just likes winning an argument, and it would seem trying to convince me Iโ€™m wrong has little payoff outside of that, since it could eliminate an existential security in my life, but provide no benefit to the other party, since the lack-of-god will not bless the person if they argue me out of belief. That said, I suspect there is a charitable motive in the midst: an aspect of presumed betterment of my life involved. If _they_ are right, why leave me to continue in my delusion and not free me from it? I suppose? Just musing here.

@trbutler @Radical_EgoCom Yes and the viewpoint of the historian recording the events also influences what's recorded and how. And of course how soon after the event is the information recorded and if this was in writing or in oral retellings finding their way at some point to writings.
@trbutler @Radical_EgoCom I am an atheist and do not usually try to convert people other than sometimes participating in these discussions. But I do have a problem with organised religion. The religions with most followers these days have their origins in times more than a millennium ago. Which means they are (in my view) trying to impose the morality of their times to our modern time societies and it's not a good fit.
@trbutler @Radical_EgoCom So if people want to believe individualy I wouldn't argue about any of their beliefs, but when they want to shape the society they live in accordingly I have a problem with it. People decide on the rules for the society they live in for a functioning society, it won't be to everyone's liking, but you can argue about the rules. If the rules are sent by an all powerful being there is no changing them by arguments other than questioning the whole premise of the belief.

@AAae @Radical_EgoCom Yes, and just to be clear I wasn't "subtootingโ€ you by bringing up atheists. I welcome good-faith, genuine conversation and I really appreciate the spirit of your toots in that vein. If nothing else, we all understand each other better if we discuss things, I figure.

As to the historical point (and also your earlier one about games of "telephone"), from a historian's perspective the New Testament and early Christians writings are actually quite "close" to the source material. Historical texts often went many hundreds of years of transmission before we get a preserved copy. The Biblical texts have early (in historical terms) copies that we've found and a high level of corroboration between individual copies. So, there's a high degree of confidence that the text we have is accurate to the original.

That doesn't prove it is right (it could be a highly accurate copy of a false document), but at least means we're discussing accurate records of what early first/second hand folks said. That lets us get to the point of wrestling with why first century people said they saw someone they knew well killed and then repeatedly had meaningful interaction with him again, rather than getting stuck wondering if second or third or forth century folks merely said first century people thought that.

@trbutler @Radical_EgoCom Not at all. Beliefs (or lack thereof) is a very personal matter for most people and that sometimes makes it difficult to discuss, but you are right, how will we understand each other if we don't discuss these subjects.