The first vaginoplasty was done in 1898 on a cis woman, and the procedure was well established before the first trans woman patient in 1931. The first penile inversion vaginoplasty was done in 1903 for an intersex woman and wasn't used for a trans woman until 1952.

Trans healthcare procedures are both far older than cis people believe, older than many accepted medical procedures today, and weren't even originally invented for our benefit.

@gwynnion It would be so interesting to know what was in that library of Magnus Hirschfeld before it was destroyed by the nazis. It must've been a treasure trove of early modern sexology.
@Natanox @gwynnion I feel like the destruction of this institute is something that isn't talked about enough, btw.
It's like a diorama displaying what they are actually about. Many people don't even know about it.
@gwynnion but there was no anaesthetic back then!!!
@platypusparent A variety of anesthesia methods were known and in use in the 19th century, including chloroform, ether, opioids, alcohol, cocaine, and other substances depending on the location.
@gwynnion hi ! I'm sorry if it's a stupid question but I really want to learn. What is an intersex woman ? Is it a person born with both female and male genitals ?
Intersex

For those who think it's easier to annoy you than to Google 'Intersex' themselves.

LetMeGoogleThat.com
@JoanGrey many thanks for that spark of knowledge

@Chawarma

You're welcome. I find that googling the things I'm curious about is often a great start to learning things.

@Chawarma @gwynnion intersex conditions are a huge umbrella term describing someone born with sex characteristics that don't fit nearly into male or female. Many intersex babies are operated on shortly after birth, sometimes even without the knowledge of the parents, which can be really devastating. Often if doctors and/or parents make a call to "correct" an intersex baby to one gender to the other based on aesthetics, and it turns out to be a bad choice...
@Chawarma @gwynnion ...at which point the adult intersex person, or their parents if they're still young, have to decide to undo the "correction" one way or another. Sometimes this means a doctor went "eh close enough to a boy lol, stitch up anything else" and then she ended up having ovaries and being estrogen dominant and having to figure out what to do about that later. Don't know the specific case mentioned here but that's common enough it describes a decent amount of intersex women haha.
@Chawarma @gwynnion *for the most part* the idea of having "both" fully functional genitals is a fantasy, most intersex conditions are more of an in-between state that is erroneously "corrected" to one or the other. Whether intersex people consider themselves trans or identify with the trans community tends to be on a case by case basis.
@lucky @gwynnion thank you so much for this meaningful explanation

@Chawarma Intersex refers to differences in sex development, which can have a wide variety of presentations and outcomes. "True" human hermaphroditism does not occur. It's a sensitive subject so I'll refer you to the Wikipedia article for more information.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex

Intersex - Wikipedia

@gwynnion thanks a lot ! I'm gonna check it
@gwynnion And they weren't criminalized either, until they were used to benefit trans women.
@gwynnion Do you know what vaginoplasty method(s) was/were used for trans patients between 1931-1952?
@miriamrobern I believe it was mainly a split thickness skin graft (STSG) following a penectomy and orchiectomy, which occasionally had problems with donor site morbidity, but there are also notes of primitive bowel substitution vaginoplasty being done for trans patients in the 1940s. But only a handful of surgeons were known to do it and then only under heavy secrecy.
@gwynnion Danke! :D
@miriamrobern You're welcome! I'm sure there's someone who could go into much more detail.

@miriamrobern Now that I go back and check myself, I see there were more primitive attempts at vaginoplasty for cis women in the 1870s and a crude version of bowel substitution as early as 1892 based on the following article from the "Urology" journal. So that's neat!

https://www.goldjournal.net/action/showPdf?pii=S0090-4295%2822%2900297-7

@gwynnion @miriamrobern you can read a report from one of the surgeons who operated on Dora Richter and Toni Elbe here https://web.archive.org/web/20070502001044/http:/www.symposion.com:80/ijt/ijtc0302.htm
IJ TRANSGENDER - Genital Reassignment on Two Male Transvestites

@gwynnion not to mention almost all hormonal treatments were developed for other purposes initially.
@gwynnion The first trans woman getting vaginoplasty was Dora Richter in 1931.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora_Richter
Dora Richter - Wikipedia

@gwynnion Very interesting. I don't understand repuglicans' neverending obsession with other people's genitalia πŸ€”