[EN] 1810: The environmental historians among you will probably already know. The Napoleonic decree of 15 October 1810 was one of the very first pieces of legislation to regulate the construction of establishments that spread "an unhealthy or offensive odour". The establishments were divided into three categories depending on the degree of pollution and different government agencies were responsible for authorising them. The project had to be publicised in advance and local residents were able to comment on it and raise objections. A major point of criticism among historians: It was impossible to close down businesses once they had been authorised! But should the law be assessed as negatively as some researchers have done?
A thread on the Napoleonic Decree of 15 October 1810: Part 1 - What's the stink? [1/7]
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[6/7] Of course, unless you have a medium or a necromancer at hand, it's hard to say whether Chaptal was pursuing economic interests alone or was convinced by the prevailing opinion on acid gases. It was probably a bit of both. But even he could not prevent the increasing complaints against factories. His successor as Minister of the Interior was therefore forced to commission a report to analyse the harmfulness and countermeasures of such factories. Chaptal was able to use his influence in the Académie des sciences, most of whose members were already in favour of the disinfection theory, to declare chemical factories harmless and combined this judgement with a warning. If the expansion of factories were hindered by laws or regulations, nobody would invest in the industry any more. One might think that sounds somewhat familiar...