@grimalkina @matthewskelton @yuvalne That makes a lot of sense. After reading the whole paper I'm also a little more hesitant about that conclusion.
Plus, anecdotally, in the open-source projects I contribute to, a significant fraction of issues get created to track long-term wishlist items, which probably shouldn't count as "immediate project needs". Conversely, many of what I'd consider immediate needs (like a new feature, compatibility with a new dependency version, CI failure, etc.) are addressed by someone just submitting a PR without any corresponding issue ever being created.
Speculation: addressing issues could indicate more of a collaborative approach, i.e. focusing your development efforts on fixes you expect will benefit others rather than something that might only matter to you, but I don't know if there's a good way to evaluate that hypothesis. 🤷