Why the galactic barrier and transporters don’t match real science, and why warp drive might

https://sh.itjust.works/post/243335

Why the galactic barrier and transporters don’t match real science, and why warp drive might - sh.itjust.works

I always thought the least believable part of transporters was that they worked without a pad on both ends.
I accept transporting to somewhere without a pad because mumble, mumble, Star Trek science. What I always wondered about was how blasé folks usually were about transporting to somewhere that didn't have a transporter pad. Who makes sure no one is standing in the beam to area. Does the transporter have safety protocols to just not transport if there is something of a certain size in the way? Transporting someone partially into rock has been shown in Star Trek (one instance, PIC s2e9). Weaponized use of a transporter, maybe by overriding transporter safety protocols? That was done intentionally, but still.
Even if nobody is standing in the beam there is still at least air.
Could be head canon but I'm pretty sure the air is dematerialized when the people are rematerialized. Not sure how they keep more air from rushing in.