@TechConnectify It... works. That's about it.

Some ships have an area where gravity changes across a void space.

At least some older Klingon ships can lose artificial gravity, but given the ease of walking around wrecks, it appears the Federation system is passive? But it's clearly not simply a huge mass doing it, or they'd absolutely wreck planetary orbits on every first contact

I think that's about everything that's in canon about how it works.