Anticipation — more likely purposeful, decoded from diverse inputs, weighted, involves monitoring for occurrence of x.
Prediction — more likely automatic, ranges from bottom-up/enviro/slow-rhythm-based (i.e., no experience needed) to top-down/fluent/experience-based.
Semantic processing example: “the speaker’s next word could be…” vs. “the speaker’s next word will be…”
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I'm probably with you! Can you say more?... Along what dimension?
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I think "anticipation" carries the connotation of preparing for a predicted/possible outcome. But you could predict an outcome without doing anything about it.
Sorting out nomenclature is a great exercise and an inevitable growing pain in any discipline.
When defining terms with ambiguous boundaries like ‘anticipation’ and ‘prediction,’ we’re just trying to describe a Venn diagram and sort the ‘ands’ and ‘ors’ and ‘nots.’
Here’s a short thread with a few of my personal prejudices…
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1. Start with some “good housekeeping”
— resist urge to contemplate everyday usage
— OK to refer to cogPsy drawing boards and models, but don’t linger there
— remember that operationalizations are grounded in measurable *behaviour*
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2. Distil construct(s) with shepherding Qs:
— Is there a 3rd term, or does ‘anticipation’ & ‘prediction’ cover all instances?
— Can we find parallax across disciplines? in early papers? in child dev findings?
— Are there necess/suffic conditions distinguishing some/all occurrences, e.g., purposeful behav, awareness, inhibition, active sensing, high-low metabolic cost, etc.?
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3. Thought experiments can offer pay-off and move us ahead. Focus on behaviour.
— listening to music, can onset of foot-tapping be either unconscious or intentional?
— Why do some people say anticipation is a “feeling”?
— Do we sometimes “tune” an anticipation into a prediction, or vice-versa?
— Why do some young students start rocking in anticipation of story time?
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4. Where in the literature have “sharp pencil” ideas been suggested?
— Schroeder & Lakatos (2009): vigilant cat waiting by mouse hole, and gamma band
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Wait how can we ever ground the meanings of already-existing words if we don't consider everyday usage?
I agree there’s a place for that. But when it’s time to investigate, scientific constructs need to be objectively conceptualized. For gains in research & theory to be coherent, conclusions to be meaningful, communication to be clear, replications to be clean, etc., we need to avoid the vagaries of everyday usage. Those vagaries account for most of the tail-chasing and free-for-alls we see on social media. :)
But science is not mathematics: if it were possible to get people to agree on formal definitions it would already have happened. The disagreements about terminology say a lot about the sociology of a field.
I appreciate that.
Talking only science now… “Multisensory integration” is the best example I know. Confusing interchangeable use of the term to refer to both cross-modal interactions (commonly studied in early dev) and neuro studies of classic integration (think ’superadditivity’) prompted prominent researchers to confer and decide on usage rules. Stein et al. (2010) has 16 authors, all of them all-stars. Necessary work; title and abstract say it all.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20584174/
There is now a good deal of data from neurophysiological studies in animals and behavioral studies in human infants regarding the development of multisensory processing capabilities. Although the conclusions drawn from these different datasets sometimes appear to conflict, many of the differences ar …
prediction : convergent :: anticipation : divergent?
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But I think it can get complicated because sometimes we're anticipating or predicting a 'what' and other times a 'when,' and there's a big difference.
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Just noting her, for those in this thread, that Professor Stan Franklin, head of the Cognitive Computing research Group at Memphis, died peacefully on Monday.
https://ccrg.cs.memphis.edu/people.html
His Artificial Minds: An Exploration of the Mechanisms of Mind 1995 was translated into many languages. His various computerised models explored the structure of the mind and the nature of consciousness.
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He had been a professor of maths at Memphis, specialising in topology. His Erdős number was 2.
He started at Carnegie Melon.
He had a wonderfully large number of descendants, and was able to combine being very successful wit h being very nice.
Dylan Smith
macshine
Yohan John 🤖🧠
JoJaSciPo