No matter how benevolent a dictatorship is, it's still a dictatorship, and subject to the dictator's whims. We must demand that the owners and leaders of tech platforms be fair and good - but we must also be prepared for them to fail at this, sometimes catastrophically.

If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this thread to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

https://pluralistic.net/2022/12/23/semipermeable-membranes/#free-as-in-puppies

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Pluralistic: What the fediverse (does/n’t) solve (23 Dec 2022) – Pluralistic: Daily links from Cory Doctorow

That is, even if you trust #TimCook to decide what apps you are and aren't allowed to install - including whether you are allowed to install apps that block #Apple's own extensive, nonconsensual, continuous commercial surveillance of its customers - you should also be prepared for Cook to get hit by a bus and replaced by some alt-right dingleberry.

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What happens next is a matter of technology and law. It's a matter of whether you have to give up your media and your apps and your data to escape the no-longer-benevolent dictatorship. It depends on whether the technology is designed to let you move those things, and whether the law protects you from tech companies, or whether it protects tech companies from *you*, by criminalizing #jailbreaking, #ReverseEngineering, #scraping, etc.

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As thorny as this is, it's even harder when we're talking about #SocialMedia, because it's *social*. Sociability adds a new and pernicious #SwitchingCost, when we hold each other hostage because we can't agree on when/whether to go, and if we do, where to go next. When the management of your community goes septic, it can be hard to leave, because you have to leave behind the people who matter to you if you do.

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We've all been there: do you quit your writers' circle because one guy is being a jerk? Do you stop going to a con because the concom tolerates a predator? Do you stop going to family Thanksgiving because your racist Facebook uncle keeps trying to pick a fight with you? Do you accompany your friends to dinner at a restaurant whose owners are major donors to politicians who want to deport you?

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This #CollectiveActionProblem makes calamity of so long life. At the outer extreme, you have the families who stay put even as their governments slide into tyranny, risking imprisonment or even death, because they can't bear to be parted from one another, and they all have different views of how bad the situation really is:

https://www.theatlantic.com/books/archive/2022/12/the-oppermanns-book-holocaust-nazi-fascism/672505/

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What It Feels Like When Fascism Starts

A 1933 novel tracks the Nazis’ rise to power in real time.

The Atlantic

The corporate person is a selfish narcissist, a paperclip-maximizing artificial lifeform forever questing after its own advantage. It is an abuser. Like all abusers, it is keenly attuned to any social dynamic that it can use to manipulate its victims, and so social media is highly prized by these immortal colony-organisms.

You can visit all manner of abuses upon a social network and it will remain intact, glued together by the interpersonal bonds of its constituent members.

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Like a kidnapper who takes your family hostage, abusers weaponize our love of one another and use it to make us do things that are contrary to our own interests.

In "Stop Talking to Each Other and Start Buying Things: Three Decades of Survival in the Desert of Social Media," @catvalente is characteristically brilliant about this subject. It is one of the best essays you'll read this month:

https://catvalente.substack.com/p/stop-talking-to-each-other-and-start

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Stop Talking to Each Other and Start Buying Things: Three Decades of Survival in the Desert of Social Media

I bet you're wondering how we got here...

Welcome to Garbagetown

Valente is on the leading edge of creators who were born digital - whose social life was always online, and whose writing career grew out of that social life. In 2009, she posted her debut novel, "The Girl Who Circumnavigated Fairyland in a Ship of Her Own Making" to the web for free. Two years, and many awards, later, Macmillan brought it out in hardcover:

https://memex.craphound.com/2011/05/10/valentes-girl-who-circumnavigated-fairyland-sweet-fairytale-shot-through-with-salty-tears-magic/

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Valente’s Girl Who Circumnavigated Fairyland…: sweet fairytale, shot through with salty tears — magic! – Cory Doctorow's MEMEX

"Stop Talking to Each Other" is a memoir wrapped around a trenchant, take-no-prisoners critique of all the robber-barons who've made us prisoners to one another and fashioned whips out of our own affection for one another and the small pleasures we give each other.

It begins with Valente's girlhood in the early 1990s, where #Prodigy formed a lifeline for her lonely, isolated existence.

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Valente - a precocious writer - made penpals with other Prodigy users, including older adults who assumed they were talking to a young adult. These relationships expanded her world, uplifting and enriching her.

Then, one day, she spotted a story about Prodigy in her dad's newspaper: "PRODIGY SAYS: STOP TALKING TO EACH OTHER AND START BUYING THINGS."

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The headline floored her. Even if Valente wanted to buy the weird grab-bag of crap for sale at Prodigy in 1991, she was a 12 year old and had no way to send internet money to Prodigy. Also, she had no money of any sort.

For her, the revelation that the owners of Prodigy would take away "this one solitary place where I felt like I mattered" if she "didn’t figure out how to buy things from the screen" was shocking and frightening.

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It was also true. Prodigy went away, and took with it all those human connections a young Cat Valente relied on.

This set the pattern for every online community that followed: "Stop talking to each other and start buying things. Stop providing content for free and start paying us for the privilege. Stop shining sunlight on horrors and start advocating for more of them. Stop making communities and start weaponizing misinformation to benefit your betters."

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Or, more trenchantly: "Stop benefitting from the internet, it’s not for you to enjoy, it’s for us to use to extract money from you. Stop finding beauty and connection in the world, loneliness is more profitable and easier to control. Stop being human. A mindless bot who makes regular purchases is all that’s really needed."

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Valente traces this pathology through multiple successive generations of online community, lingering on #Livejournal, whose large community of Russian dissidents attracted Russian state-affiliated investors who scooped up the community and then began turning the screws on it, transforming it into a surveillance and control system for terrorizing the mutual hostages of the Russian opposition.

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Valente and her friends on the service were collateral damage in the deliberate enshittification of LJ, band the Russian dissidents had it worse than they did, but it was still a painful experience. LJ was home to innumerable creators who "grew audiences through connections and meta-connections you already trusted."

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Most importantly, the poisoning of LJ formed a template, for how to "[take] apart a minor but culturally influential community and develop techniques to do it again, more efficiently, more quickly, with less attention."

It's a template that has been perfected by the alt-right, by the #SadPuppies and the #Gamergaters and their successor movements. These trolls aren't motivated by the same profit-seeking sociopathy of the corporate person, but they are symbiotic with it.

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Valente lays out the corporate community's lifecycle:

I. Be excited about the internet, make a website!

II. Discover that users are uninterested in your storefront, add social features.

III. Add loss-leaders to "let users make their own reasons to use the site" (chat, blogs, messaging, etc), and moderate them "to make non-monster humans feel safe expressing themselves and feel nice about site."

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IV. The site works, and people "[use] free tools to connect with each other and learn and not be lonely and maybe even make a name for themselves sometimes."

V. The owners demand that users "stop talking and start buying things."

VI. Users grow disillusioned with a site whose sociability is an afterthought to the revenue-generation that is supposed to extract all surplus value from the community they themselves created.

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VII. The owners get angry, insult users, blanket the site with ads, fire moderators, stoke controversy that creates "engagement" for the ads. They sell user data. They purge marginalized community that advertisers don't like. They raise capital, put the community features behind a paywall, and focus so hard on extraction that they miss the oncoming trends.

VIII. "Everyone is mad."

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IX. "Sell the people you brought together on purpose to large corporation, trash billionaire, or despotic government entity who hates that the site’s community used those connective tools to do a revolution."

X. The people who "invested their time, heart, labor, love, businesses and relationships" are scattered to the winds. Corporate shareholders don't care.

XI. Years later, the true story of how the site disintegrated under commercial pressures comes out. No one cares.

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XII. The people who cashed out by smashing the community that created their asset are now wealthy, and they spend that wealth on "weird right-wing shit...because right-wing shit says no taxes and new money hates taxes."

This pattern recurs on innumerable platforms. Valente's partial list includes "Prodigy, #Geocities, collegeclub.com, #MySpace, #Friendster, Livejournal, #Tumblr," and, of course, #Twitter.

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Twitter, though, is different. First, it is the largest and most structurally important platform to be enshittified. Second, because it was enshittified so much more quickly than the smaller platforms that preceded it.

But third, and most importantly, because Twitter's enshittification is not solely about profit.

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Whereas the normal course of a platform's decline involves a symbiosis between corporate extraction and trollish cruelty, the enshittification of Twitter is being driven by an owner who is both a sociopathic helmsan for a corporate extraction machine *and* a malignant, vicious narcissist.

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Valente describes Musk's non-commercial imperatives: "the yawning, salivating need to control and hurt. To express power not by what you can give, but by what you can take away...[the] viral solipsism that cannot bear the presence of anything other than its own undifferentiated self, propagating not by convincing or seduction or debate, but by the eradication of any other option."

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Not every platform has been degraded this way. Valente singles out Diaryland, whose owner, Andrew, has never sold out his community of millions of users, not in all the years since he created it in 1999, when he was a Canadian kid who "just like[d] making little things." Andrew charges you $2/month to keep the lights on.

https://diaryland.com/

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DiaryLand members area

Valente is right to lionize Diaryland and Andrew. In fact, she's right about everything in this essay. Or, nearly everything. "Almost," because at the end, she says, "the minute the jackals arrive is the same minute we put down the first new chairs in the next oasis."

That's where I think she goes wrong. Or at least, is incomplete.

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Because the story of the web's early diversity and its focus on its users and their communities isn't just about a natural cycle whereby our communities became commodities to be tormented to ruination and sold off for parts.

The early web's strength was in its *interoperability*. The early web wasn't just a successor to Prodigy, AOL and other walled gardens - it was a fundamental transformation.

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The early web was made up of thousands of small firms, hobbyists, and user groups that all used the same standard protocols, which let them set up their own little corners of the internet - but also connected those communities through semi-permeable membranes that joined everything, but not in every way.

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The early web let anything link to anything, but not always, which meant that you could leave a community but still keep tabs on it (say, by subscribing to the RSS feeds of the people who stayed behind), but it also meant that individuals and communities could also shield themselves from bad actors.

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The #RightOfExit and the #FreedomOfReach (the principle that anyone can talk to anyone who wants to talk to them) are both key to #TechnologicalSelfDetermination. They are both imperfect and incomplete, but together, they are stronger, and form a powerful check on both greed and cruelty-based predation:

https://pluralistic.net/2022/12/19/better-failure/#let-my-tweeters-go

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Pluralistic: Better failure for social media (19 Dec 2022) – Pluralistic: Daily links from Cory Doctorow

Small wonder that, from the beginning, the internet has been a fight between those who want to build a #commons and those who wish to enclose it. Remember when we were all angry that the web was disappearing into #Flash, the unlinkable proprietary blobs that you couldn't ad-block or mute or even pause unless they gave you permission?

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Remember when Microsoft tried, over and over again, to enclose the internet, first as a dial-up service, then as a series of garbage Windows-based Flash-alikes. Remember #Blackbird?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackbird_(online_platform)

But standard protocols exert powerful #NetworkEffects on corporations. When everyone is adhering to a standard, when everything can talk to everything else, then it's hard to lure users into a walled garden.

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Blackbird (online platform) - Wikipedia

Microsoft coerced users into it by striking bargains with buyers at large companies to force its products on all their employees, and then by breaking compatibility with rival products, which made it hard for those employees to use another vendor's products in their personal lives. Not being able to access your company email or edit your company documents on your personal device is a powerful incentive to use the same product your company uses.

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@pluralistic I feel seen.

Flash itself is a story of enshittification. Macromedia created a wonderful animation and scripting tool, and then Adobe bought it out. Initially Flash developers got new tools to play with (AS3, TLF/FTE, etc), but then Adobe management saw Unity trying to interoperate with Flash Player and decided to charge a revshare for cross-compiled 3D engines. When that failed they cancelled AS4 as revenge and basically put the player on maintenance mode.

@pluralistic I love all the great stuff you share on this account -- except when it monopolizes my feed with an endless series of Long Thread content warning screens. Isn't there a better solution? I can't be the only one who feels this way. Respectfully,

@dangreaney

Here's a bookmarklet to open all CW posts in a thread with a single click.

https://mamot.fr/@proximacentauri@mstdn.social/109446641864950446

As noted in my bio, I post long threads from this account and there are many ways to get my essays if you don't like my Mastodon style - RSS, newsletter, Medium, Tumblr, a blog, etc. I recommend unfollowing me here and subscribing to one of those if you prefer. Links at pluralistic.net.

Proxima Centauri (@[email protected])

Attached: 3 images @[email protected] Sorry, you sound like someone has complained about this before. I made an bookmarklet, that opens all the CWs with single click: javascript:document.querySelectorAll(".status__content__spoiler-link--show-more").forEach(el => el.click()); 1. Add it to Bookmark bar 2. Thread before 3. Thread after Maybe you can give this to someone who next complains about this.

Mastodon 🐘
@pluralistic I lost once my beloved #livemocha language exchange social network where I met many people. Rosette Stone bought it and drove it to the ground.☹️
@pluralistic christ man don't you own a blog or something 😂