Source: The History of Thomas Elwood, written by Himself, London, 1885, pp. 32-34, https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/6925
Discovered from cite in "The Varieties of Religious Experience," by William James, 1902.
@arkiuat @mwl Fox (et al.) wrote an entire book on the subject! (Text available online at the link. The title is far too long to be contained in a toot.)
@mudri @urbanhiker @kacey I'm pretty sure the word for singular you is from Old Norse. They used the word þu.
You still have "du" in the Scandinavian languages meaning singular you.
Plural you is harder trace down, and the Old Norse dictionary I was looking at doesn't even list a word for it.
It is possible that French "vous" is somehow cognate with English "you", which would tie nicely into your hypothesis of influence from latin languages.
@kacey To be honest, it all started to go wrong when those crazy kids stopped using proper Anglo-Saxon dual pronouns....
But does “us two” include the speaker and the person being addressed, or the speaker and one other who is not the person being addressed??
We have this in English, but I have a sneaking suspicion that there are languages where there are two "we" pronouns, one of reach of those.
I'm actually a thouist myself - I spend way too much time saying "you - I mean all of you, not just you..." and other stuff that adds meaning to the vague "you" that we currently use!
Doesn’t the dual persist in English a tiny little bit? Isn’t “oxen” originally a dual? And although “shoon” is archaic, I think even that persists as a brand name for a shoe shop.
@donaghy @kacey Not sure about oxen. Could just be similar plural suffix to "children". English plurals are a mess because of mixed origins, loss of older endings, generalising one example to others, simplification of using "-s" as suffix etc. Some Germanic plurals based on vowel change (umlaut) e.g. goose/geese or mouse/mice. Sometimes no suffix e.g. fish, sheep.
Mind you, Welsh plurals are even worse - different suffixes, umlaut, "singulative" endings etc. Great fun!
@donaghy BTW the formal/informal "you" (using plural form) distinction is very common in Indo-European languages:
https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/formal-and-informal-languages
It's known as the T-V (from Latin tu-vos) distinction, and supposedly derives from the days when there were 2 Roman emperors:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction
These days the formal aspect seems to be fading in some languages e.g. I think Swedish now seems to use "du" generally for singular "you", and even German seems to be relaxing a bit here.
"The History of Thomas #Ellwood Written By Himself".
Bio:
https://wikiless.org/wiki/Thomas_Ellwood?lang=en
Full text:
https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/6925/pg6925-images.html
@acousticmirror @kacey @otfrom I think there's a linguistic argument to be made for a third-person singular pronoun that stays conjugation-consistent with he/she/it. Take the following for example: "Andrea is going for a walk and they are bringing their dogs." The conjugation changes number despite referring to the same subject, creating extra ambiguity/confusion.
Unfortunately English just doesn't have a standardized number-disambiguated pronoun for this purpose, even despite the efforts of many neopronoun inventors. (Though I'm partial to "ey/em/eir/emself", perhaps with a starting apostrophe.)
One common idea is he/she, but as @djsumdog mentioned, this is annoying to use, and also doesn't accommodate non-binary people. So it's common to just default to the already-existent "they", despite its flaws.
Meanwhile, I would LOVE to have number disambiguation for second person. I use "y'all" regularly for precisely this reason.
@kacey
my favourite thing birdsite has taught me is that singular "they" is so old that the first known written instance is spelled with a þorn.
The first use of “they” is so old, it predates the letter combination “th” in favor of the thorn, “Þ” When William and the Werewolf, in 1375 CE, used the singular “they” as a pronoun, it was spelled “Þei”