🧵 Of articles I've found useful in understanding the nexus between #propaganda #disinformation #semanticoperations #uncivilsociety actors & authoritarian backlash.
Most of them tackle the issue of liberal bias in norm literature.
@politicalscience @potemkinvillage
1. Daniëlle Flonk, Emerging illiberal norms: Russia and China as promoters of internet content control
https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/97/6/1925/6412472
2. Marlies Glasius, Jelmer Schalk, Meta De Lange, Illiberal Norm Diffusion: How Do Governments Learn to Restrict Nongovernmental Organizations?
This paper looks at 'authoritarian learning', or illiberal norm cascades, specifically regarding shrinking #civilsociety spaces
3. Not an article, but a book: Rogue States as Norm Entrepreneurs, Carmen Wunderlich.
I found the chapter "Researching and Operationalizing Prototypical and Unconventional Norm Entrepreneurship" particularly useful. A 'how to'.
4. Betcy Jose & Christoph H. Stefes, Russia as a Norm Entrepreneur: Crimea and Humanitarian Intervention, Problems of Post-Communism
This is a particularly interesting one (to me) as it is part of the literature that shows how #Russia distorts and operationalizes #R2P
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10758216.2022.2132405
5. Julia Palmiano Federer, We Do Negotiate with Terrorists: Navigating Liberal and Illiberal
Norms in Peace Mediation
Despite its title, this paper moves beyond the value weighted "liberal/illiberal" norms dichotomy. It also looks at 'norm entrepreneurs', a category that I find useful in understanding *intent* of non-state #informationoperations #disinformation actors, esp. when States outsource influence ops.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17539153.2018.1472727?journalCode=rter20
The normative framework in mediation processes is growing. Mediators are increasingly expected by their mandate-givers to incorporate liberal norms such as inclusivity into their overall strategy. ...
6. Alicia Ely Yamin, Neil Datta, and Ximena Andión, Behind the Drama: The Roles of Transnational Actors in Legal Mobilization over Sexual and Reproductive Rights
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3795531
Ok, so I have a particular soft spot for Neil Datta who has done an amazing job documenting actors, means, strategies and tactics of illiberal norm entrepreneurship rolling back SRR in the EU.
7. Marlene Laruelle & Kevin Limonier (2021) Beyond “hybrid warfare”: a digital exploration of Russia’s entrepreneurs of influence, Post-Soviet Affairs
Although this paper isn't linked to norm literature per se, one could reframe the concept of individual 'entrepreneurs of influence' as norm entrepreneurs, some of whom cultivate / bankroll *#astroturfed epistemic communities*
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1060586X.2021.1936409
This article argues that to capture Russia’s influence abroad, one needs to comprehend the country’s “gray diplomacy” as a neoliberal realm open to individual initiatives. We define “entrepreneurs ...
@stephlamy @politicalscience @potemkinvillage
Think of "The Big Lie" as an exercise in negative norm entrepreneurship.
Bad actors on the extremes define the scope of normative behavior, perhaps more so than mainstream society does, by testing the limits civil society will tolerate.
When they succeed in going beyond the pale without immediate consequences the impact resonates globally by changing the norm of what bad actors everywhere believe they can now get away with.
Stephanie Lamy
Eggmont 🐘