[...]
Because of its small phoneme inventory, Toki Pona allows for quite a lot of allophonic variation. For example, /p t k/ may be pronounced [b d ɡ] as well as [p t k], /s/ as [z] or [ʃ] as well as [s], /l/ as [ɾ] as well as [l], and vowels may be either long or short.[10] Both its sound inventory and phonotactics (patterns of possible sound combinations) are found in the majority of human languages and are therefore readily accessible.
[...]

http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/Toki_Pona

#TokiPona #allophones #kalama_sama #sona_kalama

[...]
The nasal at the end of a syllable can be pronounced as any nasal stop, though it is normally assimilated to the following consonant. That is, it typically occurs as an [n] before /t/ or /s/, as an [m] before /p/, as an [ŋ] before /k/, and as an [ɲ] before /j/.
[...]

http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/Toki_Pona

#TokiPona #coda #kalama_n #sona_kalama

TP Фонетика

https://traditio.wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0

#TokiPona #phonetics #Фонетика #sona_kalama

Phonology (LINGUISTICS) with Nicole Holliday — Encore Presentation
Released Tuesday, 3rd December 2019

https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/ologies-with-alie-ward-551174/episodes/phonology-linguistics-with-nic-48954475

#phonology #sona_kalama

TP sound inventory

https://www.wikizero.com/en/Toki_Pona

#TokiPona #kalama_ale #inventory #sona_kalama #lipu_kalama

Allophone

[...]
Languages such as Hawaiian and Toki Pona have a small phoneme inventory; thus there is much allophonic variation, which is used to distinguish between words and meanings. Allophones are best understood within the context of the language within which they occur. Additional areas of research for more understanding of allophones might include allophonic rule, allomorphs, linguistic alternation, phonemes, complementary distribution, free variation, and positional variants.
[...]

https://www.ultius.com/glossary/linguistics/allophone.html

#TokiPona #allophone #kalama_sama #sona_kalama #phonology

Toki Pona

Phonology

https://howlingpixel.com/i-en/Toki_Pona

#TokiPona #phonology #sona_kalama #sona

[...]

Distribution

The statistic vowel spread is fairly typical cross-linguistically. Counting each root once, 32% of vowels are /a/, 25% /i/, /e/ and /o/ a bit over 15% each, and 10% are /u/. 20% of roots are vowel initial. The usage frequency in a 10kB sample of texts was slightly more skewed: 34% /a/, 30% /i/, 15% each /e/ and /o/, and 6% /u/.[13]

Of the syllable-initial consonants, /l/ is the most common, at 20% total; /k, s, p/ are over 10%, then the nasals /m, n/ (not counting final N), with the least common, at little more than 5% each, being /t, w, j/.

The high frequency of /l/ and low frequency of /t/ are somewhat unusual among the world's languages. The fact that /l/ occurs in the grammatical particles la, li, ala suggests that its percentage would be even higher in texts; the text-based stats cited above did not specifically consider initial consonants, but indicate that /l/ was about 25%, while /t/ doubled its frequency to just over 10% (/k/, /t/, /m/, /s/, /p/, respectively, ranged over 12% to 9% each, with /n/ unknown, and the semivowels /j/ and /w/ again coming in last at 7% each).

Syllable structure

All syllables are of the form (C)V(N), that is, optional consonant + vowel + optional final nasal, or V, CV, VN, CVN. As in most languages, CV is the most common syllable type, at 75% (counting each root once). V and CVN syllables are each around 10%, while only 5 words have VN syllables (for 2% of syllables). In both the dictionary and in texts, the ratio of consonants to vowels is almost exactly one-to-one.

Most roots (70%) are disyllabic; about 20% are monosyllables and 10% trisyllables. This is a common distribution, and similar to Polynesian.

[...]

http://www.thefullwiki.org/Sonja_Elen_Kisa

#TokiPona #mention #phonology #sona_kalama