TUSNs are the subject of a new, timely scholarly paper by #AlexanderCooley, #JohnHeathershaw and #RicardSoaresDeOliveira: "Transnational Uncivil Society Networks: kleptocracy’s global fightback against liberal activism," published in July's #EuropeanJournalOfInternationalRelations:

https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e5a3052-c693-4991-a7cc-bc2b47134467/download_file?file_format=application%2Fpdf&safe_filename=Cooley_et_al_2023_transnational_uncivil_society.pdf&type_of_work=Journal+article

The authors document how a collection of institutions - some coercive, others organized around good works - allow #kleptocrats to take power, keep power, and use power.

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