Global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) continued to increase in 2025, reaching their highest annual values in the satellite record. Since 2020, CO₂ concentration has risen by ~2.6 ppm/yr & CH₄ by ~11.6 ppb/yr.
More in #ESOTC2025: https://climate.copernicus.eu/esotc/2025/greenhouse-gases-driving-climate-change?utm_source=socialmedia&utm_medium=BS&utm_campaign=european-state-of-the-climate-2025&utm_id=ESOTC-2025
🧊 Did you know the Greenland Ice Sheet covers ~80% of the island and is one of only two ice sheets on Earth? In the 2025 hydrological year, it lost around 139 billion tonnes of ice, making it the 29th consecutive year of net loss & raising the global mean sea level by 0.4 mm.
The #ESOTC2025 reports contrasting European Arctic sea ice conditions in 2025: ice cover was average or above average in the Greenland Sea, but much below average in the Barents Sea. Annual sea surface/ice temperature was the second highest on record after 2016.
Discover the data 👉 https://climate.copernicus.eu/esotc/2025/sea-ice?utm_source=socialmedia&utm_medium=MA&utm_campaign=european-state-of-the-climate-2025&utm_id=ESOTC-2025
In 2025, river flow across Europe was below average for 11 months of the year and 70% of rivers saw below-average annual flow. Flood extent was the second lowest since 1992 – much smaller than 2023 and 2024 – though several significant floods still occurred.
More in #ESOTC2025: https://climate.copernicus.eu/esotc/2025/river-flow-flooding?utm_source=socialmedia&utm_medium=MA&utm_campaign=european-state-of-the-climate-2025&utm_id=ESOTC-2025
Anna Lombardi from #CopernicusClimate, takes us inside the charts behind the #ESOTC2025. She shares how the report’s cover art was created, her favourite & the most challenging chart, & how data shows that climate change does not stop at borders.
See the graphics gallery 👉 https://climate.copernicus.eu/esotc/2025/graphics-gallery/clouds-and-sunshine?utm_source=socialmedia&utm_medium=MA&utm_campaign=european-state-of-the-climate-2025&utm_id=ESOTC-2025
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In 2025, sunshine duration in Europe was around 5% above average, with sunshine & surface solar radiation much above average in northwestern, central & eastern Europe & parts of the Mediterranean. In contrast, the Iberian Peninsula, Baltic states & the Aegean Sea saw large scale positive cloud cover anomalies of around 5–8%.
In 2025, Europe saw one of its three driest years since 1992. Dry anomalies persisted in a large area from west to east, while central Scandinavia, western Russia & the Baltics saw periods of record‑wet soil moisture & extremely wet conditions affected the Iberian Peninsula in March.
#ESOTC2025: https://climate.copernicus.eu/esotc/2025/soil-moisture?utm_source=socialmedia&utm_medium=MA&utm_campaign=european-state-of-the-climate-2025&utm_id=ESOTC-2025
🔥 In 2025, Europe recorded its highest wildfire emissions since 2003 and largest burnt area on record (about 1.03 million hectares). Spain alone produced around half of all emissions, and with Portugal, accounted for around 65% of total burnt area.
See the data in #ESOTC2025 by #CopernicusClimate @ECMWF and WMO: https://climate.copernicus.eu/esotc/2025/wildfires?utm_source=socialmedia&utm_medium=MA&utm_campaign=european-state-of-the-climate-2025&utm_id=ESOTC-2025
Three charts based on the #ESOTC2025 report you shouldn’t miss this month:
📉 Greenland ice sheet continues to shrink – @financialtimes
1️⃣ https://www.ft.com/content/b554bc4f-2944-4c59-a239-9f98082892d1?syn-25a6b1a6=1
ESOTC Greenland Ice Sheet section: https://climate.copernicus.eu/esotc/2025/greenland-ice-sheet
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CopernicusECMWF
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